施用石灰与生物炭对酸性土壤花生氮素吸收及产量的影响

Effects of lime and biochar application on nitrogen uptake and yield of peanut in acid soil

为明确石灰与生物炭对酸化土壤改良及花生氮营养的作用效果,通过田间小区试验,研究了石灰、生物炭单施与配施对酸化土壤性质、花生氮素吸收利用及生长发育的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,单施石灰显著提高了土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮和交换性钙含量,花生植株氮吸收量和收获指数显著增加13.1%和4.6%,花生生物量和产量显著提高11.7%和16.1%;单施生物炭显著增加了土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮含量和土壤碳氮比,但对花生氮吸收量、生物量和产量无显著影响;表明酸性土壤明显抑制了花生生长,单施石灰促进花生生长及氮高效利用效果优于生物炭。石灰与生物炭配施后,土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、交换性钙含量及碳氮比更协调,花生植株氮吸收量、氮利用率、生物量和产量均得到进一步提高。所有处理中,4500 kg/hm^(2)生物炭配施450 kg/hm^(2)石灰处理的花生植株氮吸收量、氮收获指数、氮利用率、生物量及产量最高,分别比CK增加30.7%、8.7%、5.7%、27.6%和35.8%。因此,4500 kg/hm^(2)石灰和450 kg/hm^(2)生物炭配施是酸性土壤改良、氮素高效及花生高产栽培的有效手段。

To clarify the regulating effects of lime and biochar application on acid soil improvement and nitrogen(N) nutrition of peanut, field experiment was conducted to study the effects of lime and biochar application on properties of acidified soil, N uptake and utilization, growth and development of peanut. Results showed that, sole lime application could significantly increase soil pH, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable N and exchangeable Ca content, which made N uptake and harvest index significantly increase by 13.1% and 4.6%, and make peanut biomass and yield significantly increase by 11.7% and 16.1%, respectively. Sole biochar application could increase pH, alkali-hydrolyzable N content, soil organic matter content and soil C/N ratio, but had no significant effect on N uptake, biomass and yield of peanut. These results suggested that acid soil significantly inhibited peanut growth,and sole lime application had better effect on peanut growth and N utilization than that of biochar application. The more harmonious soil pH, organic matter, soil alkali-hydrolyzable N, exchangeable Ca content and C/N ratio, the higher N uptake and N use efficiency, biomass and yield of peanut after lime incorporated with biochar application.Among all treatments, 4500 kg/hm^(2) biochar rate incorporated with 450 kg/hm^(2) lime rate had the highest N uptake, N harvest index, N use efficiency, biomass and yield, which increased by 30.7%, 8.7% and 5.7%, 27.6% and 35.8%,respectively. Therefore, 4500 kg/hm^(2) biochar rate incorporated with 450 kg/hm^(2) lime rate could be effective means for acid soil improvement, with higher N efficiency and higher yield cultivation of peanut.