“以诗证史”视角下的诗、史关系——以陈寅恪《元白诗中俸料钱问题》为例

A Study on Connection Between Poetry and History from the Perspective of "Verification of History by Poetry" ——After Reading Chen Yinke’s The Issue of Salary in Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi’s Poems

陈寅恪《元白诗中俸料钱问题》是学界普遍认可的诗史互证的典范,其史料别择、考据精密,令人叹服。由于诗歌保存了许多不见于史书的材料,成为史家进行历史阐释时重要的补充史料;诗歌文本理解的差异性,直接关乎学者在阐述问题时对史料的采摭;“以诗证史”与“史蕴诗心”既强调了诗史关系之“异”,又强调了“同”;清人章学诚以比兴之旨贯通诗史而通“义”的观点,为考察诗史关系提供了另一种视角线索。

Chen Yinke’s The Issue of Salary in Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi’s Poems is generally recognized by the academic community as a model of mutual verification between poetry and history,and its distinctive choice of historical materials and precision of textual research are admirable.Because poetry preserves many materials that are not found in historical books, it becomes an important supplementary historical material for historians to interpret history. The variability in the understanding of poetic texts is directly related to the scholar’s collection of historical materials when elaborating on issues. The "poetry as evidence of history" and "history as poetry" emphasize both the "differences" and "similarities" in the relationship between poetry and history. Zhang Xuecheng, a Qing Dynasty scholar, provides another perspective for us to examine the relationship between poetry and history, from the perspective of "meaning" through the history of poetry with the purpose of "metaphor".