我国生态公益诉讼制度的主要问题与定性分析的解题思路

China’s Ecological Public Interest Litigation System: Problems and Solutions Based on Qualitative Analysis

我国当前的生态公益诉讼制度主要存在三方面的问题。一是对“民”过于严,严格限制起诉主体资格,不鼓励社会组织提起生态公益诉讼;二是对“官”过于宽,纵容行政机关不作为,凸显司法机关随意性;三是对“事”过于繁,法律规定的空间很大,司法解释的内容繁琐。只有从生态公益诉讼的属性和原理入手,才能正确认识生态公益诉讼制度并开展进一步研究。结合生态公益诉讼所具有的生态性、公益性和诉讼性等属性,解决我国生态公益诉讼制度问题的基本思路是:在内容上,扩大原告的主体范围,明确国家机关的责任;在程序上,统一规范诉讼的要求,专门督促审判的执行;在形式上,制定专门的单行法律,设立专业的司法机关。

There are mainly three problems in the current ecological public interest litigation system in China. First, it limits the qualification of prosecution subject too strictly, and does not encourage social organizations to file ecological public interest litigation;second, it is too lenient with officials and connives at the inaction of administrative organs, highlighting the arbitrariness of judicial organs;third, the space of legal provisions is too large with cumbersome judicial interpretation. Only from the nature and principle of ecological public interest litigation can we correctly understand the ecological public interest litigation system and carry out further research. Combined with the ecological, public welfare and litigation attributes of ecological public interest litigation, the basic ideas to solve the existing problems are as follows: in terms of content, expanding the scope of the plaintiff and clarifying the responsibilities of state organs;in terms of procedure, unifying the requirements of litigation and specially supervising the execution of trial;in terms of form, formulating separate laws and establishing professional judicial organs.