知识社会学视角下的学科:概念、形态与流变

Discipline from the Perspective of Knowledge Sociology: Concept, Form and Evolution

对今天的大学而言,学科建设不再完全面向创新,而是意味着完成一定数量的指标和任务。这实际上错置了学科在社会系统中的位置。学科最初是社会分工的一部分,知识生产的专业化带来了全社会协作效率的提升。然而专业化也产生了“反分工”现象,“反分工”将学科划出边界,封闭了创新与协作的空间。科学知识塑造了一套坚不可摧的认知体系,但这套认知格局却将学科划分为三六九等,人为地制造出了一条学科间的“鄙视链”。为了获得合法性,今天的新学科迅速组织化,组织间高度趋同又引发了更多冲突。建设学科的目的是产生更大的社会协作效应,只有接纳不同价值类型的学科,学科的功能才能释放到全社会。

For contemporary universities, the mission of disciplinary construction is no longer innovating but achieving the numerical increase in a series of indicators, which actually misplaces discipline in the social system. Discipline is originally part of the social division. The professionalization of knowledge production improves the collaboration efficiency of the whole society. However, it also breeds the “anti-division” phenomenon. The demarcation of disciplines restrains innovation and collaboration. Scientific knowledge shapes an invincible system of cognition, which grades disciplines and creates a disciplinary chain of contempt. In order to obtain legitimacy, new disciplines form their respective organizations, between which more conflicts arise due to the high degree of homogenization. The purpose of the disciplinary construction is to enhance social collaboration and disciplinary inclusiveness is the only approach to exerting the functions of discipline.