电子束辐照对干枸杞生虫及品质的影响

Effects of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Infestation and Quality of Dried Goji (Lycium barbarum)

利用电子束辐照,研究辐照对干枸杞品质的影响,确定干枸杞辐照杀虫工艺剂量。采用电子辐照加速器对干枸杞进行辐照处理,研究不同剂量辐照对干枸杞复水比、生虫率、颜色以及还原糖、类胡萝卜素等理化指标含量的影响。结果表明:辐照处理后干枸杞复水比显著低于未经辐照的干枸杞。电子束辐照处理可显著抑制干枸杞的生虫率,且辐照剂量越高对生虫率的抑制效果越显著;辐照剂量为4~8 kGy时,直至试验结束未曾出现生虫枸杞,辐照剂量为2 kGy试验结束时生虫率为0.57%,皆显著低于未经辐照干枸杞的0.97%。剂量≥8 kGy时,干枸杞L^(*)、a^(*)、b^(*)均显著低于未经辐照的干枸杞。辐照对干枸杞还原糖、枸杞多糖含量显著上升,对可溶性糖、游离氨基酸无明显影响,当辐照剂量≥8 kGy时干枸杞类胡萝卜素、黄酮含量明显下降。综上所述,干枸杞的电子束辐照剂量应在4~8 kGy范围内。该剂量范围内能有效抑制干枸杞生虫,且最大程度保持干枸杞原有的食用品质。

The effects of electron beam irradiation on the quality of dried goji were examined,and the dosage of irradiation as an insecticide was determined.Dried goji was irradiated using an electron irradiation accelerator,and the effects of different doses of irradiation on the rehydration ratio,insect infestation rate,color,reducing sugars,carotenoids,and other physicochemical indicators were evaluated.The rehydration ratio of irradiated dried goji was significantly lower than that of non-irradiated dried goji.Electron beam irradiation treatment significantly inhibited the insect infestation of dried goji,and the higher the irradiation dose,the more significant the inhibitory effect on the infestation rate.At the irradiation doses of 4~8 kGy,no insects appeared in goji until the end of the experiment.At the irradiation dose of 2 kGy,the infestation rate was 0.57%at the end of the experiment,which was significantly lower than that in the non-irradiated dried goji(0.97%).At doses of 8 kGy or higher,the L^(*),a^(*),and b^(*)values of dried goji were significantly lower than those of non-irradiated dried goji.Irradiation significantly increased the contents of reducing sugars and polysaccharides in dried goji but did not significantly affect soluble sugars and free amino acids.The carotenoid and flavonoid content of dried goji decreased significantly at irradiation doses of 8 kGy or higher.In summary,the electron beam irradiation dose of dried goji should be in the range of 4~8 kGy.Doses in this range can effectively inhibit the infestation of dried goji and allow for maintaining their original edible quality to the greatest possible extent.