考虑多主体利益的城市停车PPP项目定价模型

Pricing model of urban parking project in public-private partnership mode considering interests of multiple participants

政府与社会资本合作模式(Public-Private Partnership,PPP)下城市停车项目的成功关键在于定价是否合理,过低或过高的定价都会影响项目的效益。本文分析城市停车PPP项目中各参与主体的利益诉求,采用调查问卷调研不同用户群体的停车支付意愿,发现随着月收入的增加,用户所能接受的最大停车费用逐渐增大。基于风险收益对等原理构建项目公司期望定价模型,根据项目成本及收益确定政府补贴额度,在PPP项目公司、政府方和停车用户三方不同的期望定价下,构建了目标规划模型,并以安庆市停车PPP项目为例,求解模型得出用户实际支付额度和政府补贴额度。对比其他学者提出的基于收益法和停车需求量的定价模型,本文模型可降低PPP模式下期望定价13.6%,降低用户付费20.4%,有利于兼顾三方主体的利益。研究结果可以为PPP模式下城市停车项目定价提供参考。

The key to the success of urban parking projects in the Public-Private Partnership(PPP)mode lies in whether the pricing is reasonable,and very low or very high pricing will affect the benefits of the project.This study analyzed the interests and demands of each participant in urban parking PPP projects and used questionnaires to investigate the willingness of different user groups to pay for parking.It is found that the maximum parking fee that users can accept gradually increases with an increase in the monthly income.A model for project company expectation pricing based on the riskbenefit equivalence principle was constructed,and the amount of government subsidies was determined based on the cost and benefit.A goal programming model under the different expectation pricing of three participants(the PPP project company,the government,and parking users) was established.The Anqing parking PPP project was used as an example for solving the model to obtain the amount paid by users and the government subsidy.Compared with other scholars’ pricing models based on the revenue and parking demand,the proposed model can reduce the expected pricing of the project company in the PPP model by 13.6% and the user payment by 20.4%,which is beneficial to consider the interests of the three participants.The results of this study provide a reference for the pricing of urban parking in the PPP mode.