内部研发与技术引进:替代或互补?——基于我国工业企业的实证研究

Internal R&D and Technology Introduction:Substitution or Complementarity?An Empirical Study Based on China's Industrial Enterprises

企业实现技术升级的具体策略亟待解决。纵观发展历程,我国企业主要依靠内部研发和技术引进两条路径进行技术创新。选用2011~2019年我国规上工业企业的面板数据为样本,将企业创新绩效分为技术型与市场型两种,重点考察内部研发与技术引进的创新绩效差异、二者关系以及二者相互作用如何影响企业创新绩效。结果表明:相较于引进技术,内部研发对提升企业创新绩效具有更显著的积极作用,加强研发投入是企业提升创新绩效的主要途径;政府支持促进企业专利申请数量的提升,企业规模对企业创新绩效有正向影响;内部研发与国内技术购买之间存在协同效应,与国外技术引进之间存在替代关系。研究结论可对现阶段我国工业企业理性地选择技术创新路径提供参考。

It is urgent to find the specific strategies for enterprises to realize technology upgrading.Chinese enterprises mainly rely on internal R&D and technology introduction to carry out technological innovation.In the past,most research focused on the relationship between a certain technological innovation path and enterprise innovation performance,and the integration of internal R&D and technology introduction had little impact on enterprise innovation performance.This paper focuses on the difference of innovation performance between internal R&D and technology introduction with the panel data of industrial enterprises in China from 2011 to 2019 and discusses the impact of enterprise innovation performance under the synergy of internal R&D and technology introduction.The innovation performance of enterprises is divided into two types:technology and market.The results show that,compared with the introduction of technology,internal R&D has a more significant positive effect on improving the innovation performance of enterprises,and strengthening the investment in R&D is the main way to improve the innovation performance of enterprises.Government support promotes the increase in the number of patent applications,and firm size has a positive impact on its innovation performance.There is synergy between internal R&D and domestic technology purchase,and substitution relationship between internal R&D and technology import from foreign countries.The findings of the article can provide reference for China's industrial enterprises to choose the technological innovation path rationally.