γ射线辐照降解多糖研究进展

Research progress on degradation of polysaccharides by γ-ray irradiation

多糖在人体的健康方面发挥着重要作用,具有广泛的药理作用,如抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降血脂、调节免疫等,在医药保健领域受到颇多关注。但多糖分子量高、黏度大、溶解性低影响其生物活性的发挥,因此可以通过采用一些方法将多糖降解为低分子量多糖或寡糖以提高其生物利用率。辐照降解具有工艺简单、降解率高、产物无需纯化,且易于过程控制和大规模应用等特点,已逐渐成为国内外研究学者的关注热点。本文对γ射线辐照降解多糖的机制与现状进行了综述,介绍了γ辐照降解多糖的工艺条件及对多糖结构、溶解性、黏度、流变学特性和生物活性等方面的影响,以期为辐照法降解多糖的研究与应用提供理论基础。

Polysaccharides play an important role in human health which have a wide range of pharmacological effects,such as antioxidant,anti-tumor,hypolipidemic,and regulating immunity. It has been received more attention in the field of medicine and health care. However,the high molecular weight,high viscosity,and low solubility of polysaccharides affect their biological activities. Therefore,some methods can be used to degrade polysaccharides into low molecular weight polysaccharides or oligosaccharides to improve their bioavailability. Irradiation degradation has become a focus of researchers at home and abroad due to its simple process,high degradation rate,no need for purification,easy process control and large-scale application. In this paper,the mechanism and research status of polysaccharide degradation by γ-irradiation were reviewed,including the technological conditions of the irradiation degradation of polysaccharides and the effects on the structure,solubility,viscosity,rheological properties and biological activity of polysaccharides,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the research and application of polysaccharides by the irradiation degradation.