食物过敏原检测与调控研究进展

Advance in detection and regulation of food allergen

食品过敏已成为一个重要的食品质量和安全问题,对食品加工行业构成挑战,并影响消费者的健康。一方面,从食品加工行业的角度来看,食品原料成分、外源添加剂和加工形式的多样性使得现代食品加工中过敏原的存在更加复杂。此外,由于缺乏过敏原识别和有效的检测与评价系统,导致目前食品过敏原筛选与检测、跟踪与预测、干预与控制的理论和技术存在严重不足;另一方面,从公共卫生的角度来看,满足消费者对包括食物过敏原在内的不同类型原料来源的知情权,提高政府的公信力和人民的满意度也成为当务之急;此外,随着人们接触的食物种类越来越多,食物过敏的发生概率也越来越高,日趋复杂化、广域化和严重化的食物过敏所带来的食品安全健康问题已很难避免。鉴于此,针对大健康背景下日益严重的食品过敏安全问题,本综述介绍了食物过敏原的检测方法,总结了食物过敏原消减与控制技术,阐述了低致敏性食品以及抗过敏活性物质,综述了目前食物过敏原口服免疫治疗进展,旨在为预防和控制食物过敏,保障食物过敏患者的身体健康提供依据。

Food allergy has become an important food quality and safety problem that challenges the food processing industry and affects the health of consumers. On the one hand,from the perspective of food processing industry,the diversity of food raw material components,exogenous additives and processing forms makes the existence of allergens in modern food processing more complex. In addition,the lack of allergen identification and effective detection and evaluation system has caused serious deficiencies in the current theories and technologies of food allergen screening and determination,tracing and prediction,intervention and control. On the other hand,based on the perspective of public health,meeting consumers’ right to know about different types of raw material sources,including food allergens,and improving the credibility of the government and the satisfaction of the people have also become a top priority. In addition,with the increasing variety of foods that people can contact,the probability of food allergy is also getting higher and higher. The safety and health problems caused by food allergy,which tends to be complex,widespread,severe and difficult to avoid. In view of the increasingly prominent food allergy safety issues in the direction of general health,this review introduced the methods of detecting food allergens,summarized the technology of reducing and controlling food allergens,expounded hypoallergenic foods and anti-allergic active substances,and overviewed the current progress of oral immunotherapy for food allergens,which aimed to provide a basis for preventing and controlling food allergy and safeguarding the health of food allergy patients.