主客观阶层不对应问题再探讨:从身份到阶层

Reconsideration of Issue Concerning Misalignment in Subjective and Objective Classes:From Identity to Class

主客观阶层不对应问题由来已久,本研究提出从身份到阶层的路径,并从标准和认同两个角度进行探讨,通过CGSS2013的数据发现,主客观阶层不对应,不仅与低位的身份认同和中低位的阶层认同有关,也与客观分层标准与主观分层标准不对应有关。绝对客观指标更能解释主观身份,而相对客观指标更能解释主观阶层。此外,客观身份通过主观身份间接影响主观阶层,制度结构的调整可以改变身份认同乃至阶层认同。作为客观阶层地位的主观反映,对主客观阶层不对应问题的进一步阐释和分析,有助于加深对国民社会心态的认识,增强社会凝聚力。

The issue of misalignment in subjective and objective classes has existed for a long time. This article proposes a research path from identity to class for a discussion from the perspectives of standard and identity. CGSS2013 data indicate that the misalignment in subjective and objective classes is not only related to the lower status identity and the medium and lower class identity, but also related to the discrepancy in objective stratification standard and subjective stratification standard. Absolutely objective indicators can better explain subjective identity, yet relatively objective indicators can better explain subjective class. In addition, objective identity indirectly affects subjective class through subjective identity, and the adjustment of institutional structure can change status identity and even class identity. As a subjective reflection of the status of objective class, further interpretation and analysis can be made to the issue misalignment in subjective and objective classes, so as to deepen the understanding the social mentality of citizens and to enhance social cohesion.