中国荒漠主要植物群落调查的意义、现状及方案

Surveying desert major plant communities in China:implications,current status,and scheme

荒漠是中国北方的重要生态系统,约占中国陆地总面积的1/5。植物群落是荒漠生态系统的有机组成部分,是构建中国北方绿色生态屏障、实施国家重大生态工程、落实“一带一路”倡议和建设生态文明的重要基础资源,在国家社会、生态和经济活动中发挥着重要作用。以塔里木-准噶尔盆地荒漠区、青藏高原高寒荒漠区、阿拉善高原-河西走廊荒漠区、西鄂尔多斯高原-阴山北麓荒漠区、内蒙古中东部半干旱荒漠区为主要调查区域,共布设2300个调查点,以查清中国北方荒漠植物群落类型、种类组成、群落学特性、空间分布、利用现状及生境特征,测定荒漠植物DNA条形码。获取荒漠植物样本8300份,生境数据5万份,植物DNA条形码2300份。以此为基础,编写中国荒漠植物群落类型、特征与现状调查报告,编制荒漠植物群落类型分布图集,建立中国荒漠植物群落资源监测体系。通过构建荒漠植物群落的数据库,利用国家科技基础条件平台,实现荒漠植物群落特征数据的联网共享,可为中国荒漠治理、植物资源保护与可持续利用提供数据支撑。

Desert is one of the important terrestrial ecosystems in Northern China and covers 1/5 of the land of China.Plant community is an important part of the desert ecosystem,which has important implications for the enhancement of Northern Ecological Shelter Zone,and for the implementation of state key ecological projects,as well as for the Belt and the Road Initiative and economic-social development.The surveying zone includes Tarim-Jungar basin deserts,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau desert,Alax-Hexi Corridor desert,West Edos and North-to-Yinshan desert,and semi-arid desert-like sandy lands in the middle and eastern Inner-Mongolia.A total of 2300 sample sites were set up systematically to investigate vegetation types,species composition,spatial distribution,and habitat attributes of desert plant communities across northern China.There were 8300 plant specimens,50000 habitat parameters,and 2300 DNA bar-codes obtained in the present study.On this base,a report on the desert plant community types,characteristics and status,and the atlas of distribution of desert plant communities will be compiled,as well as a monitoring system will be built for future long-term surveying.The data supporting the above report,atlas,and monitoring system will be pooled into a data bank of the major desert plant communities in China,being shared through the National Cryosphere Desert Data Center(NCDC).This project and the output will provide solid support for combating desertification,plant conservation and sustainable development in the northern part of China.