卵巢癌的表观遗传学调控机制及其应用进展

Research progress on epigenetic regulation of ovarian cancer and its application

卵巢癌是死亡率最高的妇科恶性肿瘤,因早期症状不典型,隐匿性强,大部分患者确诊时已是晚期;另外,由于不同亚型卵巢癌的异质性非常高,导致临床治疗难度很大,预后差。随着基础研究的不断深入,对于癌症的探索从细胞水平逐渐深入到分子水平,卵巢癌的表观遗传学机制尤其受到了广泛关注。表观遗传是通过DNA甲基化、组蛋白翻译后修饰、microRNA(miRNA)的互作以及RNA甲基化等方式对基因表达的动态调控。随着基础和临床研究的不断深入,表观遗传学调控被发现在卵巢癌的发病机制、诊断、治疗和预后评估等方面均具有重要意义。在本综述中,我们主要总结了DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、miRNA调控以及RNA甲基化在卵巢癌中的研究进展,并归纳了表观遗传标志物在卵巢癌诊断和治疗上的应用进展及前景。

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy.Early-stage ovarian cancer is generally asymptomatic,where most of ovarian cancer cases are diagnosed as a late-stage disease.And due to strong heterogeneity between different subtypes,the treatment of ovarian cancer is a hard work leading to poor prognosis.Recently,the epigenetics of ovarian cancer has gradually received extensive attention,which mainly involved DNA methylation,post-translational modifications of histones,microRNA(miRNA)regulation,and RNA methylation.With the development of basic and clinical research,dynamic regulation of epigenetics has been found to be significant for the pathogenesis,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of ovarian cancer.In this review,we summarized the research progress of DNA methylation,histone modification,miRNA regulation and RNA methylation in ovarian cancer,and we concluded the application and prospect of predictive biomarkers in the diagnosis and therapy of ovarian cancer.