新冠疫情下对人类与自然关系的哲学思考——基于“中道哲学”和人类命运共同体思想的探赜

Philosophical Thinking on the Relationship Between Man and Nature under the New Epidemic Situation——Exploration Based on the“Middle Way Philosophy”and the Thought of the Community of Human Destiny

“损道哲学”派认为要通过抑人为而扬天然(以人从天)的方式来实现人类与自然界的和谐;“益道哲学”则希望通过抑天然扬人为(以人胜天)的方式来实现这种和谐。冯友兰认为前者之弊在于过于压抑人之主观能动性(过于迷信自然),而后者之弊在于过分强调征服自然(过于蔑视自然),两者都无法实现人类与自然的和谐。冯友兰扬弃了这两派哲学,开创了以人辅天的“中道哲学”。这次新冠疫情中,美英分别犯了“损道哲学”和“益道哲学”的错误,错过了最佳的防疫时机,发人深省。建基于“中道哲学”基础之上的人类命运共同体理论可以真正实现人类与自然的和谐,并从根本上遏制和防范疫情。

The school of“philosophy of damaging Tao”thinks that the harmony between human and nature should be realized by restraining human beings and promoting nature(with man from nature);while“philosophy of benefiting Taoism”hopes to realize this harmony by suppressing nature and promoting man-made(with man conquering heaven).Feng Youlan thinks that the disadvantage of the former lies in the over suppression of human’s subjective initiative(too superstitious about nature),and the latter’s disadvantage is that it overemphasizes the conquest of nature(too contempt for nature),and neither of them can realize the harmony between man and nature.Feng Youlan sublated the two schools of philosophy,and created the philosophy of“the middle way”in which man assisted heaven.In this new epidemic,the United States and the United Kingdom have made mistakes in“damaging philosophy”and“benefiting philosophy”respectively,missing the best time for epidemic prevention,which is thought-provoking.Based on the philosophy of middle way,the theory of a community of shared future for mankind is helpful to truly realize the harmony between human and nature and fundamentally contain and prevent the epidemic.