社区老年人群轻度认知障碍发生情况及其相关危险因素调查分析

Investigation and analysis of the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment and related risk factors in the elderly in the community

目的 分析社区老年人群轻度认知障碍发生情况及其相关危险因素。方法 通过整群抽样的方法于2019年3月至2021年10月抽取乌鲁木齐市友谊医院下属社区老年人群560例,根据老年人群轻度认知障碍发生情况将其分为轻度认知障碍组(n=155)和认知正常组(n=405),通过调查表收集其一般资料。计算轻度认知障碍发生率,比较两组的一般资料,通过多因素logistic回归分析法分析社区老年人群轻度认知障碍发生的相关危险因素。结果 560例社区老年人群发生轻度认知障碍155例(27.68%)。轻度认知障碍组年龄及合并心脑血管疾病、文化程度初中及以下、职业体力劳动为主、居住情况独居、吸烟、饮酒、睡眠时间≤6 h、运动时间≤1 h/周、阅读次数≤3次/周的病人比例均高于认知正常组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic分析结果显示,年龄高、文化程度初中及以下、职业体力劳动为主、居住情况独居、睡眠时间≤6 h、阅读次数≤3次/周为社区老年人群轻度认知障碍发生的相关危险因素(OR=4.15、2.16、4.54、3.04、1.92、4.08,P<0.05)。结论 社区老年人群轻度认知障碍发生率较高,与年龄高、文化程度初中及以下、职业体力劳动为主、居住情况独居、睡眠时间≤6 h、阅读次数≤3次/周等因素息息相关,应尽早采取措施以阻止社区老年人群轻度认知障碍的发生。

Objective To analyze the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment and related risk factors in the elderly in the community.Methods Five hundred and sixty elderly in the community of Urumqi friendship hospital from March 2019 to October 2021 were extracted by a cluster sampling method. They were assigned into the mild cognitive impairment group(n=155) and the cognitively normal group(n=405) according to the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly, their general information through a questionnaire was collected. The incidence of mild cognitive impairment was calculated, the general data of the two groups were compared, and the related risk factors of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly in the community were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results There were 155 cases of mild cognitive impairment in 560 elderly people in the community(27.68%). The age, the ratio of combined with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, junior high school education and below, occupational manual labor, living alone, smoking, drinking, time of sleeping≤6 h, time of exercise≤1 h/week, reading frequency≤3 times/week in the mild cognitive impairment group were higher than those of the cognition normal group(P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic analysis showed that high age, junior high school education and below, occupational manual labor, living alone, time of sleeping≤6 h, and reading frequency≤3 times/week were the related risk factors of the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly in the community(OR=4.15, 2.16, 4.54, 3.04, 1.92, 4.08, P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly in the community was high, which was closely related to factors such as high age, junior high school education and below, occupational manual labor,living alone, time of sleep≤6 h, reading frequency≤3 times/week, and measures should be taken as soon as possible to prevent the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly in the community.