共同富裕目标下四川民族地区农村居民的收入结构差异与持续增收

Structural Differences and Sustainable Growth of Rural Residents’Income in Sichuan Ethnic Minority Areas in the Context of Common Prosperity

脱贫攻坚助力民族地区实现了全面小康,也为促进共同富裕打下了坚实基础。但民族地区依然是缩小城乡和区域发展差距的重点和难点地区,特别是推动民族地区农村居民实现可持续增收更是实现共同富裕的重中之重和难中之难。本文基于收入总量、结构比例、区域差异等多维度比较,以四川省具有代表性的三个民族自治州为例,总结分析了民族地区农村居民收入及其四项构成的差异特征,分类探讨了增收的来源,以及面临的经营净收入相对过大、工资性收入增速下降、财产净收入和转移净收入规模小等增收的不可持续性风险。基于此提出要巩固拓宽工资性收入和经营净收入的创造性财富规模,探索增大财产净收入和转移净收入的分配性财富收入,促进民族地区农村居民可持续增收,最终实现共同富裕。

The fight against poverty has helped the ethnic minority areas realize a well-off society in a comprehensive way and laid a solid foundation for the promotion of common prosperity.However,this paper demonstrates that ethnic minority areas are still the vital yet challenging areas where the gap between urban and rural development and regional development should be narrowed.In particular,promoting sustainable income growth for rural residents in ethnic minority areas is considered by many to be the most important and difficult task in achieving common prosperity.Based on multi-dimensional comparisons such as total income,structural proportions,and regional differences,taking three representative ethnic autonomous prefectures in Sichuan Province as focus regions,this research concludes the following:First,the large absolute value and high proportion of net operating income are not entirely due to operational advantages,but to a certain extent due to cost reduction and revenue growth brought about by policies and product price increase.With the adjustment of relevant policies,stabilizing of market prices,coupled with a low awareness of the extensiveness and expansion of the rural industrial chain,improvement of the value chain,and the weakness of the agricultural structure,the possibility of stagnant or even declining operating net income increases.Second,with the development of agricultural scale and modernization,labor productivity grows,the labor participation rate decreases,and the rural surplus labor force will gradually expand.However,due to a lack of professional skills,rural residents are normally engaged in regular and simple labor,have a weak openness to and lack of drive to going out to work,the employment channels are not smooth,and security mechanisms are not in place,so it is difficult to stabilize wage income.Third,the net income from property and transfer accounts for more than 14%of the total income,which is quite different from the similar sources of income of other regions and local urban residents.In order to promote a sustainable income increase for rural residents in ethnic minority areas,this research indicates that the first solution would be to strengthen the subjective initiative and service channels of employment and income growth,further improve the marketization awareness,initiative,and production enthusiasm of rural residents,and attempt to increase the scale of orderly export employment and local and nearby employment channels,and boost wage income.The second one would be to promote the transformation and appreciation of the economic value of resource endowments in a comprehensive way,continue to guide and move on the role of society and the market,appropriately promote a large-scale and tailored development of planting and breeding,create new opportunities for entrepreneurship,employment and income through rural tourism,and take advantage of modern networks and the digital economy.The third way out could be to reform and dramatically revitalize the land assets of rural residents,ensure the land demand for large-scale agricultural operations,and try to increase net property income.The fourth answer could be to emphasize environmental protection,establish and refine a financial compensation transfer system for ecological protection,improve the quality of rural education and medical care,and expand the net income of transfer.