从地方人文到国家情怀的审美创造——论吕翼小说中的中华民族共同体意识

Aesthetic Creation from Local Humanities to National Feelings:On a Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation in Lv Yi’s Novels

中华民族共同体意识一直是我国当代少数民族文学主流意识形态叙事的精神主脉和审美旨归。第十二届民族文学“骏马奖”获得者彝族作家吕翼的中篇小说《冤家的鞋子》和《马嘶》讲述了抗日战争时期彝汉青年乌铁和胡笙在乌蒙山区的个体生命经历与情感恩怨变迁,及他们在国家危难之际投身抗战洪流,抛弃前嫌、团结一心抵抗敌军,成为生死之交的感人故事。小说通过书写乌铁和胡笙的故事展现了彝汉人民从族际交往到生死交融的生命历程,在“恋歌”与“史诗”的交汇中实现了少数民族文化与中华文化在内蕴上的共融性,集中体现出作者中华民族共同体意识内在审美精神诉求。小说丰富和补充了少数民族文学的抗战叙事,赞美了我国各民族普通百姓伟大无私的爱国情怀。

Yuanjia De Xiezi(or The Shoes of Enemy)and Ma Si(or The Neigh of Horses)by the Yi ethnic writer Lv Yi arguably embody a sense of community for the Chinese nation.Yuanjia De Xiezi and Ma Si tell a story that a Yi ethnic youth—named Wu Tie—and a Han youth—named Hu Sheng—became enemies for the reason that Wu captured Kai Xing,the childhood sweetheart of Hu.Later,however,they met on the anti-Japanese battlefield and became friends sworn to live or die together.Focusing on the emotions of love and hatred of Wu Tie,Kai Xing,and Hu Lian,the writer narrates the simple and natural history of interaction between the Yi and the Han in the Wumeng region in the context of local humanities and the historical mission of Wu Tie and Hu Sheng to join the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.The novels further convey that under the influence of the Chinese culture—displaying strong progressiveness,inclusiveness,and cohesion—they were able to bury the hatchet and mend fences,thanks to a sense of national righteousness.This enabled Wu Tie,Hu Sheng,and their comrades to fight the Japanese invaders together,linking their fates closely together,while showing a communication process between the Yi and the Han evolving from a simple inter-ethnic communication to a deep one with a shared destiny.This study proposes that the references in Lv Yi’s books to the consciousness of the Chinese national community mainly embodies three points:The first one is the writing about the personal lives of Kai Xing,Wu Tie,and Hu Sheng from the perspective of local humanities;the second one is a conscious execution of both the national and historical mission.At a time of national crisis,both Wu Tie and Hu Sheng devoted themselves to the fight in defense of their country,and in the Anti-Japanese War unanimously put the national interests first,displaying their common national identity and having followed a specific path for forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation;and the third one is a blended narration of a person’s identification with the nation and the Chinese national culture.The reason why Wu Tie and Hu Sheng were able to change from rivals in romance to close comrades in arms is mainly because of the strong cohesion and inclusiveness of Chinese culture,which are the cultural foundation and source for forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation.Combining the personal legends of the Yi with the unique“Bimo”religious culture and national narrative,Lv Yi successfully interprets explains the specific connotations of forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation including national unity,national identity,patriotism,and Chinese cultural identity.Lv Yi’s dual identity results in his works combining two cultures,having both the Yi and Chinese national characteristics,which brings a new sense of freshness to the contemporary literary world and appears to drive the variety of expressions of Chinese literature.In addition,Lv Yi apparently draws a picture of national unity and cohesion in his works.This can be regarded as his practice and interpretation of a sense of community for the Chinese nation based on simple and pure patriotism,reflecting his inner spiritual leaning towards to a consciousness of the community of the Chinese nation.His writings have enriched the historical narration of the ethnic minorities’participation in the Anti-Japanese War and have praised the elevated and selfless patriotic sentiments of the common people.