从混沌到清晰:彝族创世史诗《天地祖先歌》中的共通体思想

From Chaos to Clarity:The Idea of Community in the Yi People’s Epic Song of Heaven and Earth

《天地祖先歌》是彝族五大创世史诗之一,学界至今还未对它展开深入的研究。联系史诗的彝族传统文化背景,细读创世史诗文本内容则发现,它充分阐发了彝族创世史诗独特的共通体思想,同时详细论述了彝族创世史诗中的诸多共通体以及史诗共通体自我解构性的主要特征:他异性、独体性/独一性、死亡,尤其是创世史诗明确表达了彝族先民的共通体解构观念,深刻反映了彝族先民关于共通体的思想,具有一定的思想认识价值。

Yi ancestors are not only good at lyricism but also like to tell stories in the form of poetry.Faced with the unknown space,the Yi ancestors did not give up hope of finding a space for survival and actively searched for it.Through imagination and a strong Community spirit,Yi ancestors successfully broke away from the genealogy of past knowledge and established their own unique Community in a specific region.The Yi’s idea of the Community is reflected in the Yi ancestors’five major forms of creation narratives,among which"Song of Heaven and Earth"appears to be the most representative and unique classic text.Many agree it is a manifestation of the Yi ancestors’need for Community,and this need believes that all things are compatible and that compatibility produces all things.In other words,all things are paired,interconnected,interdependent,and united;in addition,all things have the right to live.Records show that Yi Epic singers(folk singers and the wise Bimo)have fully expounded the unique idea of the Community by means of the Yi creation epic and discussing in detail the many Communities in the Yi creation epic as well as the main features of the self-deconstructive nature of the epic Community:otherness,uniqueness,and death.That means the Community in the creation epic"Song of Heaven and Earth"is described as a discourse of unfinishedness",a collection of self and other,and a sharing of sameness and identification with the intrinsic nature of life.Each species has a community that belongs to its own kind,and its purpose is to find its way in the habitat of the community,and point to a pluralistic and open space of existence of differences.The theme of the Community in the creation epic"Song of Heaven and Earth"can be considered a possibility in"impossibility",but Yi ancestors lived in a literary fictional narrative discourse of the Community.This Community in the creation epic"Song of Heaven and Earth"is neither a material entity(not a thing)nor a cause of things(not a concept)of existence,but it has been stretched as a being other than the being of the immanence of life,a dialogical totality of the unique being,a totality that marks their common purpose.Through its own communication,the Community generates existence,it speaks and constructs a unique and pluralistic genealogy of the Community discourse.In particular,the epic of creation brings together humans,gods,animals,and plants,constructing a conceivable world of a diverse and inclusive community.In this sense,it may be concluded that a scientific understanding of the idea of the community in the Yi creation epic"Song of Heaven and Earth"can help us grasp the evolution of the ancient Yi society more comprehensively,and can also enable us recognize the uniqueness of the idea of the Community in the Yi creation legend.