20世纪50年代以来的羌族研究综述——以西南民族大学学人的著述为中心

Literature Review of Qiang Studies since the 1950s:Centered on the Scholarly Works at Southwest Minzu University

自1951年建校以来经过70余年的积累,西南民族大学的羌族研究成果体量庞大,且不乏精品,成为了羌族研究的主要研究机构之一。西南民族大学的羌族研究可以划分为侧重点不一样的三个阶段:1951-1978年间以羌族社会历史调查为重心;1979-2008年间羌族研究多领域齐头并进;2008年汶川地震之后以灾后羌族经济社会文化重建为重心。梳理这些过往研究之余,可以归纳出西南民族大学羌族研究的三个特点:紧扣时代话语,服务国家大政方针;坚守学理思考,经典论题的探讨不断深化;经过数十年的潜心治学,凝练出了西南民族大学羌族研究的优势领域。在新的时代条件下,西南民族大学的羌族研究,不能以民族的边界画地为牢,要在区域视野下观察、思考羌族的社会与文化;更要自觉地在民族交往交流交融、中华民族共同体的框架下从事羌族研究的知识生产。

Southwest Minzu University(SMU),founded in June 1951,regards southwest ethnic studies as the pillar and signature topic of its humanities and social sciences research,and Qiang studies are an integral part of it.The first phase of Qiang research at Southwest Minzu University started between 1951 and 1978,during which the Qiang socio-historical survey became the main focus of research.The social and historical survey of China’s ethnic minorities was launched in1956 and many SMU scholars participated in it;some of them have been carried out field surveys in the Qiang region since 1958.After several years of investigation and collation,the results of the survey of involving the Qiang ethnic group were mostly published around 1963.The second phase ranged from 1979 to 2008,during which diversified Qiang research took place.Four main fields were covered:archaeology of the upper Min River area and the history of the Qiang ethnicity;literature,and art;folk beliefs and folk customs.The third phase commenced after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,the post-disaster economic,social and cultural reconstruction of the Qiang people became the focus of research,while some traditional topics were continued along with the passage of time.Records show that Qiang studies at Southwest Minzu University over the past 70 years have gone beyond the research results of a single university on a particular field and that these results represent the breadth,topics,and dynamics of all the Qiang studies since the founding of the People’s Republic of China.Allowing for a little generalization,we may be able to summarize several characteristics of Qiang studies at SMU as follows:Firstly,keep up with the trend of the times and follow the general policies of the country.For example,in the 1950s,the core task of Chinese ethnology was to complete the social and historical survey of ethnic minorities,and many scholars from SMU devoted themselves to the social and historical survey of the Qiang and produced a number of survey reports with great ethnographic and historical insights,which provided detailed reference materials for the state’s building,democratic reform,and land reform in the Qiang region.Secondly,adhere to doctrinal thinking and widen the exploration of classical topics.For example,the study of the history of the Qiang is quite representative.For more than 20 years since the1980s,some scholars from SMU have reconstructed the social and cultural landscape of the Qiang in different historical periods with the help of physical evidence from archaeological excavations,documentary materials,and fieldwork materials.Thirdly,after decades of dedicated study,three prominent areas of Qiang studies at SMU have been deepened.The first is the study of Qiang history;the second is the study of Qiang literature and art;and the third one is the study of Qiang folklore.Given the above,it is reasonable to conclude that in the new era of China,research of the Qiang should not only maintain its qualities and strengths,but also adjust its research horizon and acquire research topics at two levels.At the first level,we should not draw the boundaries of ethnic groups but observed and the Qiang’s society and culture from a regional perspective.At the second level,we should consciously engage in Qiang research within the framework of ethnic interaction,exchange and integration,and the Chinese national community.