情境化测验的进展与挑战

The Development and Challenge of Contextualized Testing

情境化测验需要建构真实性情境任务,以便有效测量教育评价改革背景下学生的核心素养。梳理情境化测验的研究进展发现:问题情境创设和测验表现形式设计是其开发的重点;对于情境化测验中复杂数据的评分方法,主要有理论驱动、数据驱动及两者相结合3种方式;传统心理测量及其拓展模型和基于随机过程的测量模型是情境化测验的常用模型。情境化测验的流行是教育测验领域的进步,但进一步的发展还需要规范测验的开发标准、提升测验的信效度、探索复杂情境的建模方法及提升复杂数据的教育意义阐释。

Contextualized testing is an advanced type of educational assessment,which effectively measures complicated constructs such as key competencies by conducting realistic contextualized tasks.Contextualized testing originated from the paper-pencil test,but most recent research focuses on computer-based interactive testing.The research progress of contextualized testing shows that designing problem contexts and testing presentations are the key points of its development.There are three major ways to score the complex data generated by contextualized testing:theory-driven,data-driven,and a combination of the two.Traditional psychometrics and its developed model,as well as the measurement models based on randomized processes,are the most common models adopted by contextualized testing.Contextualized testing has made a significant contribution to educational assessment,but its development standards,reliability,and validity need to be improved,and its ability to construct measurement model and explain complex educational data needs to be enhanced.