翡翠数控雕刻加工效率与质量研究——以加工坐式弥勒佛为例

Study on the Efficiency and Quality of NC Carving of Jadeite——Take Sitting Maitreya Buddha Carving as An Example

数控玉石雕刻技术能够降低玉石雕刻行业人力成本,提高生产效率,完成产业升级。本文选取坐式弥勒佛为例,运用JDPaint5.50设置不同参数,加工了13件质地近似的翡翠,测试了平头刀开轮廓、锥形球头刀粗刀工序和细刀工序中的加工效果、刀具损耗程度和耗时之间的关系。结果显示:速率一致时,使用平头刀开轮廓的耗时与加工深度正相关,耗时(s)为142.27×加工深度(mm)。加工翡翠粗刀工序采用0.6 mm锥形球头刀时,安全的最大路径间距为0.08 mm,速率为25%。粗刀和细刀工序的耗时与路径间距及速率均有关系,耗时减少的幅度随着路径间距和速率的增加都越来越少。翡翠数控雕刻的表面质量主要与细刀工序的锥形球头刀刀头直径和路径间距有关,与速率大小无关。若粗刀工序路径间距较大,应通过增加粗刀工序加工余量让细刀工序去除刀路痕迹。

CNC jade carving technology can reduce the labor cost of jade carving industry, improve production efficiency and upgrade the industry. Taking sitting Maitreya buddha as an example, in this paper, the authors use JDPaint5.50 to set different parameters to carve 13 pieces of jadeite with similar texture, and test the relationship between the processing quality, the degree of tool loss and the time-consuming by different tools. The results show that: when the speed is the same, the time consumption of using the flat head cutter for shaping is positively related to the depth, and the time consumption(s) is 142.27 ×depth(mm). When 0.6 mm tapered ball-end cutter is used in the rough jade cutter processing procedure, the maximum safe path space is 0.08 mm, and the percentage of speed is 25%. The time consumption of rough and fine cutting operations is related to the path space and the percentage of speed, and the extent of time consumption reduction decreases with the increase of path space and the percentage of speed. The surface quality of CNC jade carving is mainly related to the taper ball-end cutter head diameter and path space of the fine cutting process, and is independent of the percentage of speed. If the path space of rough cutting process is large, the machining allowance of rough cutting process should be increased to allow the fine cutting process to remove the trace of tool path.