基于历史层累的旅游区空间功能更迭特征与机理研究——以西安秦始皇兵马俑博物馆旅游区为例

Research on the Characteristics and Mechanisms of Spatial Functions & the Evolution of Tourism Space Based on Historical Stratification

旅游区作为区域旅游发展的基本单元,区域功能-结构的空间特征规律是人地系统耦合研究的基本理论问题,以往研究多是基于需求侧分析“人”的活动,而对于供给侧“空间功能”的转型与重构特征及内在机理分析相对较少。文章在多重空间层累的视角下,以西安秦始皇兵马俑博物馆旅游区(以下简称“秦兵马俑旅游区”)为例,借助历史地理学时空演变理论、社会学的历史层累理论和空间再生产理论,通过分析旅游区在产生、发展、扩张的过程当中各主体功能空间交互,判断旅游区时空演变特征,基于相关群体、资本活动以及业态功能在空间演变过程中的作用机制分析旅游区时空演变的机理。从结果来看,秦兵马俑旅游区的时空演变表现出以下特征:旅游区的发展可以划分为旧空间时期的原生期、嵌入期、扩大期,新空间时期的渗透期和稳定期;旅游区在每个时期都是生活空间、旅游空间、文化空间以及商业空间的交互演化;随着旅游区的增长式发展,旅游区内生活空间呈缩小的趋势,但是生活空间品质得到了提高;文化空间总体稳定不变,而旅游空间不断扩大。分析其机理发现:旅游区的发展是空间、资本、群体之间的矛盾与统一关系,总体呈现出“协调—矛盾—协调”的往复过程;旅游区功能空间随着时空的演替呈现出生活空间旅游化、旅游空间资本化、文化空间生活化等趋势,最终实现多功能融合的功能空间格局。

Research on the spatial evolution of tourism space can provide insight into the developmental paths of tourism areas. Previous research into regional tourism development has primarily focused on human activity, while spatial function and transformation research has been limited. This paper takes the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Xi’an as a demonstrative example of spatial interactions. By applying the theory of spatial & temporal evolution in historical geography and spatial reproduction & historical stratification in sociology, this paper analyzes the tourism production, development, and expansion of the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses. From the results, the spatial evolution of cultural tourism areas has four characteristics. First, the old spatial stage is featured with exploration, involvement and development and the new spatial stage is featured with expansion and stabilization. Second, the four spaces(i.e., living, cultural, commercial, and tourism) interact and evolve in each period. Third, with the growth of tourism space, the living space tends to shrink, but the overall quality of living space has improved. Fourth, the cultural space remains unchanged and the area of tourism space expands. Two prevailing aspects are identified. First, the development of tourist space presents a reiterative process of conflict and cooperation between space, capital, and stakeholder groups. Second, the tourism space has evolved to be a multi-functional area with the provision of facilities, amenities, and attraction.