新冠疫情前后自驾旅游流空间结构特征及影响:以云南省为例

Influence of the COVID-19 on the spatial structure of self-driving tourist flow during the golden week of Spring Festival:Case of Yunnan province

为获取新冠疫情对春节黄金周自驾旅游流空间结构的影响,采用社会网络和空间统计分析方法,融合公路交通流大数据和游记数据,对比分析2018年和2021年春节黄金周云南省自驾旅游流空间结构特征及其影响因素。结果表明:1)2021年春节黄金周云南省自驾旅游流呈现“两心一轴两翼”的“蜻蜓式”空间集聚特征,在2018年昆明核心区基础上新增了曲靖次核心区,空间结构中心产生明显差异,自驾游客受疫情影响具有主动回避高流量聚集区的倾向。2)2021年春节黄金周与2018年相比,省外入滇旅游流空间结构无明显变化,但省界节点中介中心性程度明显减弱,文山交界处和丽江交界处自驾游流量分别下降了72.54%和87.26%。新冠疫情阻碍了广西和四川的入滇自驾游发展。3)新冠疫情期间,游客相较于疫情前去往热点城市的意愿降低,整体呈现避免人群聚集、注重健康安全的行为偏好特征。新冠疫情下,远距离自驾倾向转变为以昆明为中心的邻近城市间近距离自驾游。

In order to obtain the influence of the COVID-19 on the spatial structure of the self-driving tourism flow during the Spring Festival Golden Week,road traffic flow data and self-driving tourism nodes were integrated to compare and analyze the spatial structure characteristics and the factors influencing the self-driving tourism flow in Yunnan province during the Spring Festival Golden Week in 2018 and 2021 by using the social network and spatial statistical analysis methods.Results show that:1)The self-driving tourism flow in Yunnan province during the Spring Festival Golden Week in 2021 showed a"dragonfly-like"spatial aggregation shape that was characterized by"two heart,one axis and two wings".Compared with 2018,there was a new sub-core of Qujing,significant changes have taken place in the center of the spatial structure.Self-driving tourists tended to avoid areas with a high concentration of tourist when they were affected by the COVID-19.2)There was no obvious change in the spatial structure of the self-driving tourism flow into Yunnan province during the Spring Festival Golden Week in 2021 compared with 2018.But the betweenness centrality of provincial boundary node was obviously weakened.At the junction of Wenshan and Lijiang,the self-driving tourism flow decreased by 72.54%and 87.26%,respectively.The COVID-19 has hindered the self-driving tourist flow from Guangxi and Sichuan to Yunnan.3)During the COVID-19,tourists are less willing to go to hot cities than they were before the COVID-19,showing the behavior preference of avoiding crowd gathering and paying attention to health and safety.And the long-distance tendency of self-driving tourism has changed into the short-distance self-driving tour among the neighboring cities with Kunming as the center.