高质量发展下区域旅游生态效率评价及影响因素研究——以山东省为例

Evaluation on regional tourism ecological efficiency under high quality development:A case of Shandong province

旅游生态效率是衡量区域旅游发展与生态保护协调程度的重要指标之一,客观评价区域旅游生态效率及其影响因素,对于促进旅游业高质量发展具有重要理论和现实意义。文中以山东省为例,在考虑区域自然环境异质性的情况下,采用三阶段DEA模型对2010-2019年山东省及16地市旅游生态效率进行定量分析与评价,并采用Tobit回归模型从高质量发展视角识别了山东省旅游生态效率的影响因素。结果表明:1)山东省旅游生态效率处在较高水平,整体呈波动上升态势,但是旅游业发展质量仍处在中等水平,区域差异较为明显,还需要进一步提升旅游生态效率才能达到高质量发展标准。2)自然环境因素对山东省及16地市旅游生态效率有积极影响,有助于提升旅游生态效率。其中,东营、滨州、聊城3市受影响较大。3)山东省旅游生态效率主要受业态创新、城乡协调和对外开放等因素的正向影响,受环境规制和城市规模的负向影响,产业结构对旅游生态效率影响不显著。

Tourism ecological efficiency is one of the important indicators to measure the coordination between regional tourism development and environment protection.Objectively evaluating regional tourism ecological efficiency and analyzing its influencing factors have important theoretical and practical significance for promoting the high-quality development of tourism.Taking Shandong province as an example,considering regional natural environment heterogeneity,the Three-stage DEA model was used to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the tourism ecological efficiency of 16 cities in Shandong province from 2010 to 2019,Tobit regression model was used to identify the factors influencing the tourism ecological efficiency in Shandong province from the perspective of high-quality development.The research shows that:1)The tourism ecological efficiency in Shandong province is at a high level,showing an overall trend of fluctuated rising,but the tourism development quality is still at a medium level,with obviously regional differences.It is necessary to further improve the tourism ecological efficiency to achieve high-quality development standards.2)Natural environmental factors have a positive impact on tourism ecological efficiency in Shandong province and 16 cities,which is helpful to improve tourism ecological efficiency.Among them,Dongying,Binzhou and Liaocheng are greatly affected.3)The tourism ecological efficiency in Shandong province is mainly positively affected by format innovation,urban-rural coordination and opening to the outside world,and negatively affected by environmental regulation and urban scale.The industrial structure has no significant impact on tourism ecological efficiency.