黄河流域中上游水土保持法律制度研究

Legal system for soil and water conservation in Yellow River Basin

黄河流域孕育了中华民族五千年的灿烂文明,并为其发展提供了坚实的物质基础和厚重的精神指引。以黄河流域为研究区域,采取实证研究、文献研究、跨学科研究等多种方法,以黄河流域的全国性和地方性水土保持法律、法规为依据,检视发现黄河流域水土保持法律制度存在以下缺陷:水土保持专门性法规缺失、水土保持规划机制不完善、水土保持监管机制不健全、水土保持地方立法冲突、水土保持流域管理机构规定不完善。黄河流域水土保持法律制度完善是谋求水土流失治理机制的常态化、规范化,是黄河流域推进实现国家生态治理体系和治理能力现代化的主要保障和重要体现。健全黄河流域现行水土保持法律制度,要从出台水土保持专门性法规、建立水土保持规划机制、健全水土保持监管机制、协同水土保持地方立法、明晰水土保持流域管理机构法律地位五个方面推进。

The Yellow River valley has bred the splendid civilization of the Chinese nation for five thousand years and provided a solid material foundation and profound spiritual guidance for its development.Based on the national and local laws and regulations of soil and water conservation in the Yellow River Basin,by means of empirical research,literature research and interdisciplinary research,the following deficiencies are found in the legal system of soil and water conservation in the Yellow River Basin,which are:lack of specialized laws and regulations of water and soil conservation,imperfect planning mechanism of water and soil conservation,imperfect supervision mechanism of water and soil conservation,conflict of local legislation of water and soil conservation,imperfect regulations of watershed management agencies of water and soil conservation.For improvement of the legal system of soil and water conservation in the Yellow River Basin,it should be to seek the normalization and standardization of soil and water loss control measures,which is the main guarantee and important embodiment of the modernization of national governance system and capacity in the Yellow River basin.To perfect the current legal system of water and soil conservation in the Yellow River basin,suggestions are put forward from five aspects:promulgation of special laws and regulations of water and soil conservation,perfecting planning mechanism of water and soil conservation,perfecting supervision mechanism of water and soil conservation,cooperating with local legislation of water and soil conservation,clarifying the legal status of water and soil conservation watershed management agencies.