促进抑或阻碍:草原生态补奖如何影响牧户草地租赁倾向?

Facilitation or hindrance: How do grassland ecological subsidies affectherdsmen’s propensity to lease pastures?

草地经营权流转是提高草地资源配置效率、实现草原畜牧业规模化产业化的主要途径。草原生态保护补助奖励政策(以下简称“草原补奖政策”)是恢复草原生态、促进牧民增收的重要手段。在国家大规模推进草原补奖政策的背景下,其是否影响牧户草地租赁行为是尚待解决的关键科学问题。文中基于青海省共和县和同德县599份牧户调研数据,实证检验了草原补奖对牧户草地租赁倾向的影响、作用机制与异质性。研究发现:一次型草原补奖与草地资源投入存在互补效应,对牧户草地租入倾向起到了促进作用;连续型草原补促进了牧业劳动力转移,提升了牧户草地租出倾向。机制分析表明,一次型补奖通过激励采纳舍饲养殖、增加贷款间接促进牧户租入草地;连续型补奖通过提升非牧就业间接促进牧户租出草地。以上结论总体上在纯牧区、老年户主家庭表现更为显著。因此,在今后的草原补奖政策可以因地制宜实施差异化补偿标准,同时结合就业、金融等措施进一步促进草地租赁市场的发展。

Grassland management right transfer is the main way to improve the efficiency of grassland resource allocation and realize the scale industrialization of animal raising in grassland region.The grassland ecological subsidy policy is an important means to restore the grassland ecology and promote the income of herders.In the context of the large-scale promotion of the national grassland ecological subsidy policy,whether and how it affects herdsmen’s grassland leasing behavior is a key scientific issue that remains to be addressed.In this paper,we empirically examined the effects and mechanisms of action and heterogeneity of grassland ecological subsidy on herdsmen’s propensity to lease grassland based on 599 herdsmen’s research data in Gonghe and Tongde counties of Qinghai province.It was found that there is a complementary effect of one-time grassland ecological subsidy and grassland resource inputs,which has played a role in promoting the tendency of pastoral households to rent the grassland.The continuous grassland ecological subsidy promotes the transfer of grazing labor and enhances the inclination of pastoral households to lease their grassland.The analysis of the mechanism shows that one-time grassland ecological subsidy indirectly promotes pastoral households to rent grassland by incentivizing the adoption of shed farming and increasing loans.The continuous grassland ecological subsidy indirectly promotes pastoral households to lease pastures by enhancing non-grazing employment.The above findings are generally more pronounced in purely pastoral areas,and for households with elderly family head.Therefore,the new round of grassland subsidies and awards policy should be implemented in accordance with local conditions to differentiate compensation standards,and combine simultaneously the employment,finance and other measures to further promote the development of the grassland leasing market.