毛乌素沙地与黄土高原沟壑区过渡带鸟类多样性研究——以陕西定边县为例

Bird diversity in the transition zone between the gully region of the Loess Plateau and Mu us Sandy Land——A case of Dingbian county,Shaanxi province

定边县地处毛乌素风沙地与黄土高原沟壑区的过渡地带,也是候鸟南北迁徙路线上的重要停歇地和繁殖地。但半个多世纪以来缺少鸟类基础调查资料,为了该地区鸟类多样性及其变化,文中于2018-2020年采用样线法和定点直接计数法进行了鸟类调查和观测。结果共记录到鸟类21目54科223种。其中水鸟为99种,占总种数的44.4%;雀形目鸟类为80种,占总种数的35.9%;其他仅占总种数的19.7%。在223种鸟类中,国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类有11种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类有31种,陕西省重点保护的鸟类有13种,中国特有鸟类仅有3种。从居留型来看,留鸟有51种,迁徙鸟类172种,包括夏候鸟64种,冬候鸟21种,旅鸟86种,迷鸟1种。从区系来看,古北界鸟类为154种,东洋界22种,广布种47种,分别占总种数的69.0%,9.9%和21.1%。4种生境类型中鸟类多样性最高的是盐湖湿地,其次是荒漠—半荒漠灌丛草原,居民区最低。文中补充了毛乌素沙地和黄土高原过渡带的鸟类多样性数据,为当地生物多样性保护提供了参考依据。同时,也从鸟类保护的角度提出了一些针对性的建议。

Dingbian county is in the transition zone between the gully region of Loess Plateau and Mu us Sandy Land,and is also an important stopover and breeding site for migration birds along the central migration route.To enrich the basic information of bird resource in this area for over half a century,the diversity and changes of bird were surveyed by using line transect method and direct count method from 2018 to 2020.The results of survey are as follows:A total of 223 species belonging to 54 families and 21 orders were identified.Among these,99 species of waterbirds,80 species of passerine and 44 species of other birds,accounting for 44.4%,35.9%and 19.7%of the total species,respectively.In which 11 species are listed as national first-class protected animals,31 species are listed as national second-class protected animals,13 species are listed as key protected animals for Shaanxi province,only 3 species are listed as endemic birds in China.Of the species identified,51 species are residents,and other 172 species are migrants,including 64 species of summer visitors,21 species of winter visitors,86 species of passage migrant and 1 species of vagrant visitor.There are 154 species of Palaearctic realm,22 species of Oriental realm and 47 species of cosmopolitan species in fauna,accounting for 69.0%,9.9%and 21.1%of the total species,respectively.Among the 4 habitats,saline lake wetland owns the highest bird diversity,followed by semi-arid and arid shrub prairie,while it is the lowest in residential area.This study enriches the data of bird diversity in the transition zone between the gully region of Loess Plateau and Mu us Sandy Land,and provides a reference for further protection of biodiversity in the area.Meanwhile,we proposed some specific suggestions for the perspective of bird protection.