子宫切除术患者术前焦虑的影响因素及精准护理的应用效果

Influencing Factors of Preoperative Anxiety in Patients with Hysterectomy and Application Effect of Precision Nursing

目的:分析子宫切除术患者术前焦虑的影响因素及精准护理的应用效果。方法:选取2020年1月—2021年12月武穴市中医医院收治的90例子宫切除术患者。根据焦虑自评量表(SAS),90例患者中焦虑患者42例,纳入焦虑组,未焦虑患者48例,纳入未焦虑组。收集所有患者的临床资料,将焦虑组患者随机分为对照组与观察组,各21例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组给予常规护理+精准护理。采用单因素、多因素分析子宫切除术患者术前焦虑的影响因素。于护理前后,比较对照组和观察组SAS量表评分、生活质量。结果:焦虑组年龄≥65岁、初中及以下、经济条件较差、恶性肿瘤、对疾病了解程度较差占比均高于未焦虑组(P<0.05);两组体重指数、婚姻状况、医保类型、手术方式、手术接受程度比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。年龄≥65岁、初中及以下、经济条件较差、恶性肿瘤、对疾病了解程度较差均为子宫切除术患者术前焦虑的独立危险因素(P<0.001)。护理后,观察组SAS评分更低,生理功能、躯体疼痛、精神健康评分更高(P<0.05)。结论:年龄、文化程度、经济条件、疾病类型、对疾病了解程度为术前焦虑的独立危险因素,针对危险因素及时行精准护理有助于缓解焦虑情绪,提高生活质量。

Objective: To analyze the influencing factors of preoperative anxiety in patients with hysterectomy and application effect of precision nursing. Method: Ninety patients with hysterectomy who were admitted to Wuxue Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected. According to the self-rating anxiety scale(SAS), 42 patients with anxiety among 90 patients were included in the anxiety group and 48 patients without anxiety were included in the non anxiety group. The clinical data of all patients were collected, and the patients in the anxiety group were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group, 21 cases in each. The control group was given routine nursing, while the observation group was given routine nursing+precise nursing. The influencing factors of preoperative anxiety of patients with hysterectomy were analyzed by single factor and multi factor analysis. Before and after nursing, the SAS scale scores and quality of life of the control group and the observation group were compared.Result: The proportions of age ≥65 years old, junior high school and below, poor economic condition, malignant tumor and poor understanding degree for disease in the anxiety group were higher than those of non anxiety group(P<0.05);there were no significant differences between the two groups in body mass index, marital status, medical insurance type, operation mode and operation acceptance degree(P>0.05). Age ≥65 years old, junior high school and below, poor economic conditions, malignant tumors, and poor understanding degree for diseases were all independent risk factors for preoperative anxiety in patients with hysterectomy(P<0.001). After nursing,the SAS score of the observation group was lower, and the scores of physiological function, physical pain and mental health were higher(P<0.05). Conclusion: Age, educational level, economic condition, disease type and understanding degree for disease are independent risk factors of preoperative anxiety. Timely precision nursing for risk factors can help alleviate anxiety and improve the quality of life.