引导骨再生屏障膜在骨增量中的应用与研究进展

Application and Research Progress of Guided Bone Regeneration Barrier Membrane in Bone Increment

牙列缺损是一类常见的口腔疾病,种植技术是修复牙列缺损的一种重要方式。其中,种植位点骨量不足会导致植入种植体时出现植体暴露、初期稳定性不足等后果,进而影响种植修复疗效。引导骨再生(guided bone regeneration,GBR)是利用屏障膜进行骨增量的一种修复技术。其良好的屏蔽作用,可快速诱导骨形成,有效促进骨再生,扩大种植修复的适应范围。屏障膜是GBR疗效的主要决定因素,理想的屏障膜应具有良好的生物相容性、足够的机械强度(以维持空间及增加可操作性)、优良的细胞封闭功能(以防止上皮细胞迁入)、可生物降解且无严重免疫反应,并能进行主动诱导等特性。迄今为止,尚无一种理想的屏障膜能够持续提供完美的骨再生效果。因此越来越多的学者在膜的改性、复合膜的应用、功能梯度膜等方面进行了研究,致力于理想屏障膜的研发。本文将从屏障膜的分类、在骨增量中的应用、研究进展等方面进行综述,以期为研发理想的屏障膜提供一定的参考。

Dentition defect is a kind of common oral disease, and implant technology is an important way to repair dentition defect.Among them, insufficient bone mass at the implant site will lead to implant exposure, insufficient initial stability and other consequences during implant implantation, which will affect the efficacy of implant repair. Guided bone regeneration(GBR) is a repair technology that uses barrier membrane for bone increment. Its good shielding effect can rapidly induce bone formation, effectively promote bone regeneration, and expand the scope of implant repair. The barrier membrane is the main determinant of the efficacy of GBR. The ideal barrier membrane should have good biocompatibility, sufficient mechanical strength(to maintain space and increase operability), good cell sealing function(to prevent epithelial cells from migrating), biodegradability, no serious immune response, and active induction. So far,there is no ideal barrier membrane that can continuously provide perfect bone regeneration effect. Therefore, more and more scholars have conducted research on membrane modification, application of composite membrane, functional gradient membrane, etc., and committed themselves to the research and development of ideal barrier membrane. This article will review the classification of barrier membranes,their application in bone augmentation, and research progress, in order to provide some reference for the development of ideal barrier membranes.