胫骨内置截骨机的设计及运动学分析

Design and Kinematics Analysis of Tibial Internal Osteotomy Machine

开发应用以髌骨关节面定位、在扩髓腔进行椭圆环齿截骨的胫骨内置截骨机,可有效减少截骨手术失误及切口感染,使骨折线光滑规则并简化骨外固定器结构,但胫骨髓腔狭小的服役条件导致机械式胫骨内置截骨机的机构设计与机构组合难度很大。在功能分析阶段提炼出设计难点问题,为避免创新设计的盲目性,基于发明问题的解决理论TRIZ构建了圆形环齿进给机构、进退刀机构、出收刀机构设计的矛盾冲突矩阵,在一般解中寻求出周期性作用、动态化、多用性等特定解并相应制定了具体解决方案,有效化解了矛盾冲突、提升了设计质量和效率。为考查实现椭圆进行环切的可行性,建立了立铣刀的运动方程,利用ADAMS进行了轨迹仿真,在MATLAB中进行了仿真结果分析和评价,结果表明各组合机构的运动合成可行、立铣刀轨迹误差可控。

The development and application of the tibial built-in osteotomy machine,which is positioned on the patella articular surface and conducts elliptical ring tooth osteotomy in the medullary cavity,can effectively reduce the osteotomy error and incision infection,make the fracture line smooth and regular,and simplify the structure of the external fixator.However,the narrow service conditions of the tibial bone marrow cavity lead to great difficulties in the mechanism design and mechanism combination of the mechanical tibial built-in osteotomy machine.In the functional analysis phase,the design difficulties were refined.In order to avoid the blindness of innovative design,based on the solution theory of invention problems,TRIZ constructed the contradiction conflict matrix for the design of circular ring gear feed mechanism,advance/retract mechanism,and exit/retract mechanism.In the general solution,specific solutions such as periodic action,dynamics,and versatility were found and corresponding specific solutions were formulated to effectively resolve the contradiction conflict.The design quality and efficiency were improved.In order to check the feasibility of realizing elliptical circular cutting,the motion equation of the end milling cutter was established,the trajectory simulation was carried out using ADAMS,and the simulation results were analyzed and evaluated in MATLAB.The results show that the motion synthesis of each combination mechanism is feasible,and the trajectory error of the end milling cutter is controllable.