基于单片机的超声波测距仪设计开发

Design of Ultrasonic Rangefinder based on SCM

作为非接触式检测手段的重要技术,超声波测距已在传感器技术和自动化控制相结合的测距系统中发挥了关键的作用。为解决超声波测距测距精度和响应速度不理想、易受温度影响的问题,基于52单片机,采用软硬件并行研发的方式设计出一款多功能高精度超声波测距仪系统。系统由单片机模块、超声波模块、温湿度采集模块、液晶显示模块和声光报警模块等部分构成,使用C语言开发了液晶显示、超声波、温湿度检测和声光报警等模块子系统。利用STC89C52单片机驱动超声探头和温湿度传感器分别采集超声波往返时间和温湿度,并根据采集到的温度修正测距结果,提高了测距精度。所开发设备经温湿度检测功能、抗干扰能力、报警功能、测距及纠偏功能等试验,结果表明各功能满足设计需求,安全可靠、工作稳定,最远测量距离为500 cm,误差小于2 cm,满足短距离测距的要求。

As an important technology of non-contact detection,ultrasonic ranging has played a key role in the ranging system that combines sensor technology and automatic control.To solve the problem that the accuracy and response speed of ultrasonic distance measurement are not ideal and are easily affected by temperature,this paper designs a multi-function and high-precision ultrasonic rangefinder system based on the52 single-chip microcomputer and develops its hardware and software.The equipment is composed of SCM module,ultrasonic module,temperature and humidity acquisition module,LCD display module and acoustooptic alarm module.The module subsystems of LCD display,ultrasonic,temperature and humidity detection and acoustooptic alarm are developed using C programming language.The STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer is used to drive the ultrasonic probe and the temperature and humidity sensor to collect the ultrasonic round-trip time and temperature and humidity respectively,and the ranging results are corrected according to the collected temperature,which improves the ranging accuracy.The developed equipment has been tested for temperature and humidity detection function,anti-interference ability,alarm function,distance measurement and deviation correction function,and the results show that each function meets the design requirements,is safe,reliable,and works stably.The maximum measurement distance is 500 cm,and the error is less than 2 cm,which meets the requirements of short distance measurement.