反霸统一战线视域下中国与伊朗关系的演变(1971—1991)

The United Front against Hegemony and the Historical Evolution of the China-Iran Relations(1971—1991)

冷战后期中国与伊朗关系经历了跌宕起伏的变化。20世纪60年代末70年代初,伊朗对苏联在波斯湾和印度洋的扩张深感担忧,中国也调整外交战略应对苏联对中国国家安全的威胁,这使得中伊两国在反对苏联霸权主义方面有了共同利益。在这种情况下,1971年8月,中国与伊朗建立外交关系。随后,中伊关系迅速升温,双方高层互访不断,伊朗支持中国恢复在有关国际组织中的合法席位。中伊关系出现“蜜月期”的根本原因在于,一方面,伊朗是中国反霸统一战线政策的支点国家;另一方面,中国与伊朗的领导人对于20世纪70年代冷战的缓和抱有同样的怀疑态度。20世纪70年代末,由于中国坚定地执行反霸统一战线政策,与巴列维政权关系密切,导致在伊朗伊斯兰革命成功后,中伊关系出现低潮。20世纪80年代,中国进行了外交政策的大调整,改变了“以苏划线”的反霸统一战线政策,中伊关系最终实现改善。

The bilateral relations between China and Iran had experienced dramatic changes during the late period of the Cold War.At the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s,Iran was deeply concerned with the Soviet Union’s expansion in the Gulf and Indian Ocean.At the same time,China also adjusted its diplomatic strategy in order to deal with the Soviet Union’s threat to China’s national security.Therefore,China and Iran shared the common interests against the Soviet Union’s hegemony.Under such a circumstance,on August 1971,China and Iran established diplomatic relations.After that,the relations between the two countries warmed up rapidly.High level exchange visits between the two sides continued and Iran strongly supported China to resume its legitimate seat in some international organizations.The fundamental reasons for the"honeymoon"of China-Iran relations are as follows.On one hand,Iran was a key member of the United Front against Hegemony initiated by China;on the other hand,both Chinese and Iranian leaders had the same skepticism toward the Détente in 1970’s.At the end of the 1970s,China steadfastly implemented the policy of the United Front against Hegemony,maintained a close relation with Pahlavi’s regime,and did not fully notice the domestic political changes in Iran.The relations between China and Iran had experienced a period of low tide after the success of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1979.In the early period of the 1980s,China made a major adjustment in its foreign policy.It abandoned the United Front against Hegemony by which China decided it’s policy towards a specific country based on that country’s attitude towards the USSR,and thus the China-Iran relations finally improved.