创新驱动是否促进了城市经济高质量发展?

Does the Innovation-Driven Promote the High-Quality Development of Urban Economy?

城市经济高质量发展对于我国经济发展方式的转变至关重要,而创新驱动作为关键因素是否促进了城市经济的高质量发展,且通过何种机制影响其发展,在新时代背景下讨论二者关系显得尤为必要。以中国285个地级以上城市面板数据为基础,从经济高质量发展的内涵出发,构建包括经济效益、基础设施建设、人民生活、环境质量四方面的指标体系衡量经济发展质量,采用熵值法计算经济发展质量,使用空间杜宾模型检验了城市创新能力对经济发展质量的影响,并从配置效应和技术效应验证其作用渠道。结果显示:中国城市创新能力提高显著提升了经济发展质量,且经济发展质量存在正向的空间溢出效应;分地区检验中,东中西以及南北地区的创新能力对经济发展质量的直接效应都为正向影响,东部地区与南方地区的城市创新能力对经济发展质量的影响程度较大。但间接效应存在差异,西部地区为负向空间溢出,其他地区均存在正向空间溢出效应;通过中介效应模型检验得出,城市创新能力提高使得政府对资源重新配置,从而提升经济发展质量,而通过调节效应模型检验得出技术效率与城市创新能力对经济发展质量存在弱化效应;通过替代指标、替换样本、工具变量等方法验证了该结果的稳健性。基于研究结论,提出提高城市创新能力、增加研发支出等政策建议。

Based on the transformation of China’s economic from high-speed growth to high-quality growth,scientific and technological innovation has become one of the main driving forces of regional economic growth.City is the important base for construction of an innovative country,and economic high-quality development is very crucial for the transformation of the China’s economic development pattern.The theme that innovation-driven,as a key factor for innovative country construction,whether to promote the high-quality of urban economic development,and the mechanisms by which affect its development,is particularly necessary to discuss in the new era.Therefore,it is of great significance to discuss the possible role of innovation in theory and further reveal the role of allocation effect and technology effect of innovation,providing empirical evidence for realizing the high-quality development of innovation-driven economy in the new era.After the situation of urban innovation ability in different regions was analyzed,the connotation of innovation-driven high-quality development city is briefly discussed,and the principle of innovation-driven economic development quality is theoretically analyzed,then the influence of urban innovation ability on economic development quality is explored from technological effect and resource allocation effect.Based on the panel data from 2003 to 2016 of 285 cities at prefecture level and above in China,the urban innovation index measured by FIND Report on City and Industrial Innovation in China 2017 is used to measure the innovation capacity of cities.At the same time,based on the connotation of high-quality economic development,the economic benefit,infrastructure construction,people’s life,environmental quality of four aspects were included by the construction of economic development quality index system,and the quality of economic development was calculated by the entropy method.Considering the spatial dependence and heterogeneity of innovation capacity and economic development quality among different cities,and the related tests were run on it,the Spatial Durbin Panel Model(SDPM)was chosen to test the impact of urban innovation capacity on the quality of economic development,and the heterogeneity in the impact of different regions was explored,then the mediation effect model and the adjusting effect model were used to verify its channel.The results are as follows.Firstly,the improvement of urban innovation capacity has a significant positive direct effect on the improvement of economic development quality,and the inter-city economic development quality has a positive spatial spillover effect.In the regional test,the direct effect of innovation ability on the quality of economic development is positive in different region,including eastern,central,western,northern and southern regions.However,the coefficient decreases from the east to the west,and the coefficient in the south is obviously higher than that in the north.At the same time,the indirect effects are different in different regions.The western region has a negative spatial spillover effect,while the other regions have a positive spatial spillover effect.Secondly,through the test of the mediation effect model,it is concluded that the improvement of urban innovation ability makes the government reallocate resources and increase the investment in urban research,so as to improve the quality of economic development.Meanwhile,through the moderating effect model test,it is found that technological efficiency and urban innovation ability have a weakening effect on the quality of economic development.When the city’s technological efficiency is high,it may weaken its innovation incentive effect,reduce the enthusiasm of enterprises for technological innovation,and then weaken the impact of innovation achievements on the quality of economic development.Again,the robustness of the results is verified by three ways.Including changed the measurement indicator of innovation capability form the innovation index to total number of invention patents granted at year-end,and replaced the sample of 285 prefecture-level and above cities to include only prefecture-level cities,then constructing the interaction term between topography relief and lagged first-stage appearance patent as instrumental variable of urban innovation capability.Finally,based on the research conclusions,some policy suggestions are put forward,such as improving urban innovation ability and increasing R&D expenditure.