叶面喷施不同化控复配剂对大豆产量与品质的影响

Effects of Foliar Spraying Different Chemical Regulator Compounds on Soybean Yield and Quality

为明确调环酸钙(Pro-Ca)与胺鲜酯(DA-6)或油菜素内酯(BR)组配形成的复配剂LMA与LMB对大豆产量和品质的影响,本研究以黑龙江省主栽大豆品种黑农84(高蛋白品种)和黑农87(高油品种)为试验材料,在大豆关键生育时期(苗期、初花期及鼓粒期)进行叶面不同联合喷施处理,以喷施清水作为对照,于大豆完熟期随机取样,测定分析各处理产量构成因素指标、理论产量和大豆籽粒中的蛋白质及脂肪含量。结果表明:苗期喷施LMA,初花期及鼓粒期喷施LMB(ABB处理)可使大豆黑农84的理论产量显著提高19.40%,黑农87理论产量显著提高32.66%,使黑农87总蛋白含量提高7.29%。产量增加与化控复配剂对株粒数和百粒重的调控有关,总蛋白含量提高与其对百粒重的调控有关。在苗期及初花期分别喷施LMA(AA处理)则可使水溶蛋白及总蛋白含量显著提高6.00%以上,若在鼓粒期再次喷施LMA(AAA处理),则可使黑农84和黑农87的水溶蛋白、醇溶蛋白及总蛋白含量分别显著提高9.56%、52.63%和11.80%。BA、A、AAA、AB及ABB处理都使脂肪含量得到改善,但均未使两品种的含量同时显著提高。在田间生产中可根据不同的大豆生产需求,选用不同的联配及喷施方式和时期。

In order to clarify the effects of the combination of prohexadione-calcium(Pro-Ca) and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate(DA-6) or brassinolide(BR)(LMA and LMB) on the yield and quality of soybean, Heinong 84(high protein cultivar) and Heinong 87(high oil cultivar), two main soybean cultivars in Heilongjiang province, were used as experimental materials. Foliar spraying was carried out at the key seedling stage, early flowering stage and graining stage, and spraying water was as control. Samples were collected at the maturity stage of soybean, and the indicators of yield components were investigated in each treatment. Then the theoretical yield was calculated according to the seeds weight per plant and the number of plants per square meter. Both protein and fat content in soybean seeds were also measured. The results showed that spraying LMA at seedling stage, LMB at initial flowering stage and seed filling stage(ABB treatment) could significantly increase the theoretical yield of Heinong 84 by 19.40%, and that of Heinong 87 by 32.66%, the total protein content was increased by 7.29%. The increase of yield was related to the regulation of plant seeds number and 100-seed weight by chemical control compound agent, and the increase of total protein content was related to its regulation of 100-seed weight. Spraying LMA at seedling stage and early flowering stage(AA treatment) could significantly increase the content of water soluble protein and total protein by more than 6.00%. If LMA was sprayed again at the bulging stage(AAA treatment), the content of water-soluble protein, prolamin and total protein were increased by 9.56%, 52.63% and 11.80%, respectively. BA, A, AAA, AB and ABB treatments all improved the fat content, but did not increase significantly in both varieties. In field production, different combination and spraying methods and time can be selected according to different soybean production demand.