分期播种对黑农84农艺性状及适时性损失影响研究

Effects of Sowing by Stages on Agronomic Characters and Timeliness Loss of Heinong 84

为研究分期播种对大豆生长性状及适时性损失规律的影响,以确定大豆合理播种作业期和并优化大豆生产机器系统设计。以黑农84为供试大豆品种,采用随机区组试验法确定试验小区分布方案,在哈尔滨地区实施分期播种试验,在大豆不同生长期测试大豆株高、茎粗、产量等数据。采用最小显著性方法分析相关指标随播期的变化规律,采用回归分析方法分析大豆产量及适时性损失率随播种日期变化规律。结果表明:初苗期大豆株高、茎粗均与生长时间呈现正相关规律;在生长中期,早期播种大豆发育速度减缓,中期播种大豆株高及茎粗显著高于其他播种处理;在收获期,早期播种的大豆株高、茎粗显著低于其他播种处理,发育极缓,单株荚数与单株粒数均随播种日期呈抛物线规律变化,大豆产量及适时性损失率规律均呈现二次函数规律变化。在本研究的试验条件下哈尔滨地区黑农84大豆最佳播种日期为5月12日。

In order to study the effect of sowing by stages on soybean growth traits and the law of timely loss, determine the reasonable sowing time of soybean and optimize the design of soybean production machine system. The sowing dates experiment, using Heinong 84 soybean variety as the test material and according to the randomized group trial method to design the plots, was conducted in Harbin area. Data on soybean plant height, stem diameter and yield at different growth stages of soybean were tested. The experiment was designed to use the least significant difference to analyze the pattern of variation of relevant indicators with sowing date and to use the regression analysis to analyze the pattern of variation of soybean yield and loss of timeliness with sowing date. The results showed that both plant height and stem diameter at the early seedling stage showed a positive correlation with growth time. At mid-growth period, the growing speed of early sown soybean slowed down, and plant height and stem diameter of mid-date sown soybean were significantly higher than those of other sowing treatments. At harvest period, the height and stem diameter of early sown soybean were significantly lower than those of the other sowing treatments, and both the number of pods per plant and the number of seeds per plant showed a parabolic pattern, the soybean yield and the variation of the rate of timeliness loss both showed a quadratic curve. The proper sowing date of soybean Heinong 84 in Harbin area was May 12 under this test conditions.