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低层暖平流强迫下两次大冰雹超级单体风暴结构特征分析 被引量:1

Structural characteristics of two heavy hail supercell storms forced by low-level warm advection
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摘要 2020年3月21日和5月4日在低层暖平流强迫背景下湖南怀化出现两次罕见的6 cm大冰雹。基于常规气象资料和多普勒天气雷达资料,对这两次大冰雹过程的超级单体风暴的强度结构、动力场结构进行分析。结果表明:(1)两次过程均发生在低层暖平流强迫背景下,中等强度对流有效位能、大的深层垂直风切变和高的能量螺旋度,有利于风暴组织性发展与维持,地面辐合线是主要触发因子。(2)6 cm冰雹均发生在超级单体风暴强烈发展初期,由无中气旋特征的“类超级单体”造成,出现钩状回波、旁瓣回波以及三体散射和回波悬垂等特征。(3)风暴强烈发展阶段垂直动力场均表现出低层辐合、中层气旋性旋转和反气旋旋转并存的双涡管式旋转、高层辐散特征。(4)大冰雹降落前风暴最大反射率因子和单体垂直累积液态水含量均达到67 dBz和69 kg·m^(-2)。强中心高度和最强切变高度的下降均反映出冰雹的降落。 There were two rare 6 cm hailstones under the background of low-level warm advection forcing in Huaihua of Hunan Province on March 21 and May 4,2020.Based on the meteorological stational data and the Doppler weather radar data,the structures of intensity and dynamic fields of the supercell storms for these two events are analyzed.Results are showed below.(1)Both cases occur under the background of low-level warm advection forcing.Moderate-intensity convective effective potential energy,large deep vertical wind shear,and high energy helicity favored the organizational development and maintenance of storms,and the ground convergence line is the main trigger factor of severe convection weather.(2)The 6-cm hails in the two cases both occurred in the early mature stage of supercell storm,which are caused by the"supercell-like"storm without the characteristics of mesocyclone,but with the characteristics of hook echoes,sidelobe echoes,three-body scattering spike,and echo overhangs.(3)In the intense development stage,the vertical dynamic fields of the storms are both featured by the structure of low-level convergence,the double-vortex-tube rotating structure of cyclonic rotation and anticyclonic rotation in the middle level(referred to as double vortex)and high-level divergence.(4)The maximum reflectivity and the cells-vertical integrated liquid both reach 67 dBz and 69 kg·m^(-2).The decrease of height top and the strongest-shear height reflect hail falling.
作者 唐佳 张昆 唐明晖 周慧 胡媚 TANG Jia;ZHANG Kun;TANG Minghui;ZHOU Hui;HU Mei(Hunan Meteorological Bureau,Changsha 410118;Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Hunan Province,Changsha 410118;Huaihua Meteorological Bureau of Hunan Province,Huaihua 418000)
出处 《暴雨灾害》 2023年第1期37-46,共10页 Torrential Rain and Disasters
基金 湖南气象局预报员专项(XGKJ21C006) 2021年中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2021J020) 2019年度湖南省重点研发计划(2019SK2161)。
关键词 超级单体 中气旋 风暴参数 双涡管式旋转结构 supercell storm mesocyclone storm parameters double-vortex-tube rotating structure
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