党参下脚料的质量和营养价值探析

Quality and nutritional value of Codonopsis Radix waste

为了探讨党参下脚料的质量和营养价值,提高药材的附加值,试验选取来源广泛、外观性状差异较大、具有广泛代表性的11个批次党参下脚料为供试品,按照2020年版《中华人民共和国兽药典》二部党参项下质量控制指标,对下脚料中的水分、总灰分、醇溶性浸出物含量进行测定,同时测定下脚料中的多糖、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和部分矿质元素。结果表明,党参下脚料中水分、总灰分和浸出物质量分数平均值分别为17.56%、6.25%和39.92%,多糖、粗蛋白、粗脂肪质量分数平均值分别为32.20%、9.90%和3.20%,钙、钾、镁、锌等矿质元素含量丰富。但党参不同批次之间差异较大,其中以直径0.2~0.3 cm的根段、药材破碎组织和碎末为主的下脚料浸出物和多糖含量较高,总灰分含量较低;以狮子盘头或者直径0.2 cm以下细根及其碎末为主的下脚料浸出物和多糖含量较低,但蛋白质和粗脂肪含量较高。如能科学管理、严格规范中药材下脚料的贮存和养护,提升下脚料的品质,党参下脚料仍具有一定兽用开发价值。

In order to explore the quality and nutritional value of Codonopsis Radix waste, and increase the additional value of medicinal materials, 11 batches of Codonopsis Radix waste from a wide range of sources with large differences in appearance and characteristics were selected as test products. According to the 2020 edition of Chinese Veterinary Pharmacopoeia Ⅱ Codonopsis Radix quality control index, the content of the humidity, total ash, ethanol-soluble extractives, polysaccharide, crude protein, crude fat and some mineral elements in the waste was determined. The results showed that the average content of water, total ash and extract was 17.56%, 6.25% and 39.92%,the average content of polysaccharide, crude protein and crude fat was 32.20%, 9.90% and 3.20%,respectively. The mineral elements such as calcium, potassium, magnesium and zinc were rich. There was high extract and polysaccharide, and low total ash content in the waste with 0.2-0.3 cm root segment, crushed herbs and powder. There was low extract and polysaccharide, and high protein and crude fat content in the waste with Lion Panax quinquefolium, fine root below 0.2 cm of diameter and powder. If the storage and maintenance of Chinese medicinal material waste can be managed scientifically and strictly standardized, and the quality of waste can be improved, the waste of Codonopsis Radix still have prospect in veterinary development and application.