维持性血液透析患者衰弱现状及其影响因素分析

Status quo and influencing factors of frailty in maintenance hemodialysis patients

目的了解维持性血液透析患者的衰弱现状及其影响因素。方法采用方便抽样法,于2020年3月—2021年4月选取商丘市第一人民医院的389例维持性血液透析患者为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、衰弱量表、社会支持量表及血液透析自我管理量表对患者进行调查,采用单因素分析和多重线性回归分析对维持性血液透析患者衰弱的影响因素进行分析。结果389例维持性血液透析患者的衰弱得分为(2.31±0.74)分,其中衰弱前期163例,占41.90%;衰弱期131例,占33.68%;非衰弱期95例,占24.42%。Pearson相关分析结果显示,维持性血液透析患者的社会支持、自我管理总分与各维度得分均与衰弱呈负相关(P<0.01);单因素分析结果显示,不同性别、年龄、学历、透析龄、合并症个数、日尿量的维持性血液透析患者的衰弱得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,社会支持、自我管理及合并症个数是维持性血液透析患者衰弱的影响因素(P<0.01),共解释总变异的41.4%。结论维持性血液透析患者衰弱现状有待改善,社会支持、自我管理及合并症个数对维持性血液透析患者衰弱有影响。

Objective To explore the current state of frailty and its influencing factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods From March 2020 to April 2021,389 patients with maintenance hemodialysis in the First People's Hospital of Shangqiu were selected by convenience sampling.The patients were investigated with the General Information Questionnaire,FRAIL Scale,Social Support Rating Scale and Hemodialysis Self-management Scale.Single factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of the frailty of maintenance hemodialysis patients.Results Among 389 maintenance hemodialysis patients,the score of frailty was(2.31±0.74),of which 163 cases were in the early stage of frailty,accounting for 41.90%,and 131 cases(33.68%)were in frailty stage,and 95 cases(24.42%)were in non-frailty stage.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the total score of social support,total score and all dimension scores of self-management of in maintenance hemodialysis patients were negatively correlated with frailty(P<0.01).The univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the frailty scores of maintenance hemodialysis patients with different gender,age,education background,dialysis age,number of complications and daily urine volume(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that social support,self-management and the number of complications were the influencing factors for the frailty of maintenance hemodialysis patients with a statistical difference(P<0.01),accounting for 41.4%of the total variance.Conclusions The frailty of maintenance hemodialysis patients needs to be improved.Social support,self-management and the number of complications have an impact on the frailty of maintenance hemodialysis patients.