社会领域生活性服务业高品质多样化发展研究——基于公共产品理论和治理理论的探讨

A Study on the Development of High-quality and Diversification of Social Sector Living Service Industries:An Exploration Based on Public Goods Theory and Governance Theory

社会领域生活性服务业包括健康、养老、托育、文化、体育、旅游、家政等领域。借鉴公共产品理论,可将高品质公共服务界定为准私人产品,如是观之,社会领域生活性服务业高品质发展在本质上是从公共产品向俱乐部产品乃至私人产品转变的问题。从治理视角看,社会领域生活性服务业多样化问题在本质上是从层级制转向市场制及自组织制的问题。基于上述分析,本文提出社会领域生活性服务供给治理的综合框架,为基本公共服务、普惠性公共服务和高品质公共服务三类不同服务匹配相应的主导供给机制,并从主体和方式两个面向提出具体的多样化供给策略。最后,本文从政策层面提出推动高品质生活服务向准私人产品转变并构建社会领域生活性服务业多元供给格局的对策建议。

The social sector living service industries include health,elderly care,childcare,culture,sports,tourism,housekeeping and other fields.Based on the public goods theory,high quality public services can be defined as quasi-private goods.In this way,the development of high quality social sector living service industries is essentially a matter of changing from public goods to club goods or even private goods.From the perspective of governance,the issue of diversification of social sector living service industries is essentially a matter of shifting from a hierarchical system to a market system and a self-organized system.Based on the above analysis,this paper proposes a comprehensive framework for the governance of social service supply,matching three different types of services,including basic public services,inclusive public services,and high quality public services,with corresponding dominant supply mechanisms,and proposing specific diversified supply strategies in terms of both subjects and modes.Finally,the paper proposes countermeasures to promote the transformation of high-quality living services into quasi-private products and to build a diversified supply pattern of social sector living service industries from the policy level.