本土主义思潮与美国人自我认同的构建

Nativist Ideological Trend and the Construction of American Self-Identity

美国的本土主义思潮起源于殖民地时期,贯穿整个美国历史,延续至今。在本土主义思潮发展演变的过程中,宗教、文化、种族和意识形态等因素互相影响、互相作用,不仅充当了美国人界定“他者”的依据,也成为美国人构建自我认同的工具。美国人一方面推崇“平等、自由、民主”的价值观,重视对共和主义国家的公民参与,另一方面又以不合标准为由,将外来移民拒之门外或对其实行强制同化,呈现出一种自相矛盾的局面。这也注定了本土主义思潮将在美国长期存在,不会轻易消失。

The ideological trend of American nativism originated in the colonial period, runs through the entire history of the United States, and continues to this day. In the process of the development and evolution of nativism, factors such as religion, culture, race, and ideology influence and interact with each other. They not only serve as the basis for Americans to define the“other”, but also become a tool for Americans to build self-identity. On the one hand, Americans advocate the values of“equality, freedom, and democracy”and attach importance to citizen participation in the republican country. On the other hand, foreign immigrants are rejected or forced to assimilate on the grounds that they do not meet the standards, presenting a paradoxical situation. This also predestined that the ideological trend of nativism will exist in the United States for a long time and will not disappear easily.