水稻硒营养研究进展

Review on Selenium Nutrition Research in Rice

硒是人类和动物必需的微量营养元素。目前我国居民的膳食普遍存在硒摄入量不足的现象,因此提高粮食作物中硒的含量,研究水稻硒营养吸收对改善我国居民硒营养状况具有重要意义。在总结相关文献的基础上,概要介绍了稻田土壤硒的赋存形态、有效性及其影响因素,并从水稻体内硒的含量、吸收积累和代谢途径等方面总结水稻体内硒的吸收特性和代谢机制。施硒能促进水稻产量的增加,提升水稻的品质,并能够调节水稻的光合作用,增强其抗氧化能力和抗逆性,从而保护水稻的正常生长发育。虽然目前已有研究在水稻体内硒的吸收、转运及代谢机制等方面取得一定的进展,但有关富硒的调控机制、遗传机制以及硒与其他植物营养元素的互作协同机制同样也值得深入研究,为生产富硒水稻和植物硒资源的开发利用提供理论依据。

Selenium(Se) is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals. At present, the dietary Se intake is generally inadequate in China. Therefore, it is important to improve the Se content in food crops and to study the nutrient absorption of Se in rice to improve the nutritional status of Se in Chinese residents. Based on the summary of relevant literature, the Se fugacity and effectiveness of soil Se in rice fields and its influencing factors were outlined,and the Se uptake characteristics, and metabolic mechanisms in rice were summarized in terms of Se content, uptake and accumulation and metabolic pathways in rice. The application of Se can promote the increase of rice yield,improve the quality of rice, and regulate photosynthesis, enhance its antioxidant capacity and resistance to stress, thus protecting the normal growth and development of rice. Although some progress has been made in the uptake, transport and metabolic mechanisms of Se in rice, the regulatory mechanisms, genetic mechanisms and synergistic mechanisms between Se and other plant nutrients are also worthy of further study to provide a theoretical basis for the production of Se-rich rice and the exploitation of plant Se resources.