纳米材料与技术在包虫病防治上的应用

Application of nanomaterial and nanotechnology in the prevention and treatment of hydatidosis

纳米材料与技术已经广泛用于寄生虫病的防治中。目前,包虫病的诊断主要采用影像学技术和免疫学方法,影像学技术价格相对较高,且灵敏度有限,对于小包囊无法诊断,免疫学方法需要一定的专业知识;用于包虫病治疗的药物存在水溶性较低的问题,导致药效不佳;用于终末宿主犬的免疫疫苗还在研制当中。因此,寻求高效、迅速和经济的防治手段是亟待解决的问题。纳米材料具有生物活性高、比表面积大等优点,在纳米探针、纳米生物传感器等疾病检测设备的研制、药物递送载体的合成、纳米佐剂疫苗的开发等方面都取得了较好的效果。本文综述了纳米材料和纳米技术在包虫病防治方面的研究进展,特别是在包虫病的诊断、药物治疗、疫苗研制等方面的研究进展。

Nanomaterial and nanotechnology have been extensively used in the prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases.At present,the diagnosis of hydatidosis mainly adopts imaging technologies and immunological methods.However,imaging technologies are generally expensive and always ignore the small cysts with limited sensitivity.Meanwhile,the immunological method requires a certain degree of expertise.The drugs employed to the treatment of hydatidosis still have the problem of low water solubility,which affects the efficacy of drugs.The immunization vaccine for definitive hosts is still under development.Thus,hydatidosis is still lack of efficient and economical means of prevention.Nanomaterials own the advantages of high biological activity and large specific surface area.They have participated successfully in the development of disease detection equipment including nanoprobes and nanobiosensors,in the synthesis of drug delivery carriers,and in the development of nanoadjuvant vaccines.This paper reviews the research progress of nanomaterial and nanotechnology in the prevention and control of hydatidosis,particularly in the diagnosis,drug treatment,and vaccines development of hydatidosis.