在理论与实践之间:刑法再法典化的正当性根据检视

Between Theory and Practice:An Examination of the Legitimacy Basis of the Recodification of Criminal Law

在《民法典》时代,一些学者提出了“刑法再法典化”命题。深入命题的底层逻辑考察,现行刑法存在结构性缺陷可谓该命题的形成动因,促进刑法的自主性予以实现则为该命题的预设目的。二者在理论上共同构筑了刑法再法典化的正当性根据。然而,根据司法实践反视刑事立法,现行刑法所存在的结构性缺陷未形成刑法规范供给短缺的问题,这表明其并未严重到非再法典化不足以解决的程度。而且,科学、合理地运用刑法修正案和特别刑法,可以灵活应对现行刑法所存在的结构性缺陷,节约有限的立法资源。由此而言,刑法再法典化的立法动因表现出了不充分性。在前者的基础上,同时运用刑法的规范意义现实化这一司法方法发展刑法的规范意义,建构刑法的意义世界,同样可以促进刑法的自主性予以实现。因此,从预设目的的实现角度讲,刑法再法典化存在替代方案。以上分析表明,理论上为刑法再法典化构筑的正当性根据难以成立,在当下中国不应当对刑法进行再法典化。

In the era of Civil Code,some researchers have put forward the view of“recodification of criminal law”.By investigating the underlying logic of this view,it can be said that the structural defects in the current criminal law are the reasons for the formation of this view,and the presumed purpose is to promote the realization of the autonomy of criminal law.Both of these reasons have laid down the legitimacy basis of the recodification of criminal law in theory.However,through the examination of criminal legislation in judicial practice,the structural defects in the current criminal law have not caused the problem of insufficient supply of criminal law norms,which indicates that it is not necessary to solve it by recodification.Moreover,using the criminal law amendment and the special criminal law scientifically and reasonably can deal with the structural defects existing in the current criminal law and save the limited legislative resources in a flexible manner.Therefore,the legislative reasons for the recodification of criminal law are insufficient.On the basis of the foregoing analysis,by using the judicial method of realizing the normative significance of criminal law to develop this normative significance of criminal law and construct the meaning world of criminal law,it can also promote the realization of the autonomy of criminal law.Therefore,from the perspective of achieving the presumed purposes,there are alternatives to the recodification of criminal law.The article shows that the criminal law should not be recodified in China today as the legitimacy basis built for the recodification of criminal law in theory cannot be established.