论物权变动的“清偿模式”

On the"Discharge"Mode of Real Right Change

假如中国法就买卖合同履行时的物权变动不采无因性模式,那么,由于可从清偿视角分析物权变动,独立的物权行为概念就是不必要的。由此,即无必要采取有因物权行为的模式。在基于法律行为的物权变动中,可停留于“清偿”“抛弃”等概念的中度抽象状态。就履行过程中的意思瑕疵,基于清偿作为法律行为的视角,清偿概念可解决物权行为概念能够且应当解决的问题,而物权行为概念并不能解决清偿概念能够且应当解决的问题。因此,独立的物权行为概念对于问题的解决既显不足,又显多余。另外,自清偿视角看,通常对于所谓债权形式主义的物权变动模式的描述是不准确的,因为仅依债权行为和形式并不足以解释物权变动之发生,须辅之以清偿视角,即买卖合同之清偿导致所有权变动,清偿既包括交付等事实行为,也包括法律行为下的清偿意思。所有权变动的意思包括在清偿意思中。此种模式不妨称之为物权变动的清偿模式。

If the Chinese law does not adopt the"abstractness"mode for the change of real right during the performance of the sales contract,given that the change of real right can be analyzed from the perspective of discharge,the independent concept of"juridical act of real right"is unnecessary.Therefore,it is unnecessary to adopt the"abstract juridical act of real right"mode.In the change of real right based on juridical acts,the moderate abstract concepts such as"discharge"and"abandonment"and so on are enough.With regard to the intention defects in the process of performance,from the perspective of discharge as a juridical act,the concept of discharge can solve the problems that the concept of juridical act of real right can and should solve,while the concept of juridical act of real right cannot solve the problems that the concept of discharge can and should solve.Therefore,the independent concept of juridical act of real right is not only insufficient,but also redundant.In addition,from the perspective of discharge,as to the so-called"juridical act of creditor’s right plus form"mode for the change of real rights,the description is usually inaccurate,because it is not enough to explain the occurrence of real right change only according to the juridical act of creditor’s right and form.The perspective of discharge that the discharge of the sales contract leads to the real right change is necessary.The discharge consists of the delivery or other factual behaviors,as well as the intention of discharge in the juridical act.The intention of ownership change is included in the intention of discharge.This mode may be called the"discharge"mode of real right change.