制造业发展战略提升企业创新的路径分析——来自十大重点领域的证据

The Impact of Manufacturing Development Strategies on Enterprises Innovation:Evidence from Ten Key Manufacturing Sectors

制造业是国民经济的基石,中国实施制造业发展战略试图通过创新驱动实现由制造大国向制造强国的转变。本文以制造强国规划十大重点领域为自然实验考察了制造业发展战略对企业研发强度和关键核心技术领域创新的影响。研究发现,制造业发展战略显著提升了企业研发强度和专利产出,并对相近产业链企业研发行为产生溢出效应。影响路径分析表明,制造业发展战略实施不仅加大了对重点领域企业的减税力度,还提高了重点领域企业的信贷融资和市场竞争程度。本文的拓展研究发现,制造业发展战略对关键核心技术领域企业创新影响并不显著,也难以提升有助于关键核心技术攻关的企业基础研究水平。本文研究对于中国实现制造业高水平科技自立自强和迈向制造强国具有一定政策含义。

Manufacturing is the foundation of national economy,and China’s implementation of manufacturing development strategy attempts to realize the transformation from a big manufacturing country to a strong manufacturing country through innovation as the driving force.Using the data of A-share listed enterprises in the manufacturing industry from 2009 to 2019,this paper uses textual language analysis to screen out the samples of listed enterprises in the top 10 manufacturing fields deployed as key fields in the strong manufacturing country plan to be the treatment group and other manufacturing enterprises the control group,and applies the difference in differences(DID)method to test the impact of China’s manufacturing development strategy on corporate innovation and its influence mechanism.This paper finds that the manufacturing development strategy significantly increases the R&D intensity of enterprises.The results of the parallel trend test show that there is no significant difference in R&D intensity between the two groups of enterprises before the implementation of the strong manufacturing country plan.This paper also finds that the strategy significantly increases the R&D output level of enterprises and university-enterprise-research cooperation,and has a spillover effect on R&D of enterprises in similar industrial chains.After a series of robustness tests,it is found that the basic findings still hold.The regression results using the key industry sectors pointed out in U.S.reindustrialization and German Industry 4.0 as instrumental variables also remain robust.Further research finds that the manufacturing development strategy not only increases R&D subsidies,tax breaks and credit support for enterprises in the focus fields,but also shapes good market competition mechanisms.This paper also finds that the manufacturing development strategy is more conducive to increasing the R&D intensity and patent output of enterprises in important industries and key fields that are related to national security and lifeblood of Chinese economy,but it does not have a significant impact on the R&D intensity and patent output of enterprises in key core technology fields.Further analysis by ownership form finds that state-owned enterprises significantly increase their innovation level in lifeline industries and key fields of great national importance,as well as in the field of cardinal technologies,while the increase in R&D intensity of non-state-owned enterprises is more reflected in non-lifeline industries and non-cardinal technologies.Further research finds that the manufacturing development strategy also struggles to improve the level of basic corporate research that contributes to the key core technologies.The contributions of this paper mainly include the following aspects.Firstly,with the top 10 key fields of the strong manufacturing country plan as the natural experiment,this paper assesses the impact of China’s manufacturing development strategy on enterprises’R&D intensity,which not only enriches the empirical evidence that industrial policy has a positive impact on enterprises’innovation,but also provides reference for the future evaluation of the impact of major national long-term strategic planning on micro-level enterprise behavior.Secondly,this paper addresses the endogeneity between the explanatory variable(manufacturing development strategy)and the explained variable(enterprises’R&D intensity)using the key industry sectors pointed out in U.S.reindustrialization and German Industry 4.0 as instrumental variables,and tests the robustness of the main result.Thirdly,existing literature examines the impact of industrial policy on enterprises’R&D intensity mostly from the perspectives of R&D intensity and patents,however,this paper expands the analysis of the impact of the manufacturing development strategy on the enterprise innovation in key sectors related to national security and lifeblood of Chinese economy as well as core technology fields.It not only provides new insights for accurately evaluating the real effect of the manufacturing development strategy,but also has certain policy value for China to realize self-reliance of key core technologies of manufacturing industry,build a safe and controllable industrial chain and build itself as a strong manufacturing country.Based on the above conclusions,this paper puts forward relevant policy implications to further promote the strong manufacturing country plan and to achieve a high level of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement in the manufacturing industry.First of all,it is necessary to increase the R&D investment in key core technologies,and strive to achieve major breakthroughs in cardinal and frontier technologies.Secondly,it is necessary to strengthen the main position of enterprises in the key core technology areas of R&D investment.On the one hand,state-owned enterprises should continue to play an important role in research and development in the military,aerospace,rail transportation,strategic emerging industries and other important industries and key fields related with national security and the lifeblood of national economy.On the other hand,in the market-oriented fields,it is more important to strengthen the R&D main position of non-state-owned enterprises in the field of key core technologies.Finally,it is necessary to encourage enterprises to improve the capacity and level of basic research.Specifically,the proportion of enterprise basic research funding in basic research funding should be enhanced;tax reduction should be conducted to encourage enterprises to engage in basic research;and enterprises should be encouraged to participate in various national basic research projects.