神经肽功能与检测方法的研究进展

Progress in Neuropeptide Function and Analytical Methods Research

神经肽(neuropeptide)作为一种特殊的信息物质,具有含量低、活性高、作用广泛而复杂的特点,在体内对多种生理功能具有调节作用。以食欲素、胃动素和胆囊收缩素等10种神经肽为例,总结神经肽的生理功能及检测方法。结果显示,目前放射免疫法、酶联免疫法、免疫组织化学法和RNA印迹试验等是常用检测已知神经肽的方法,但这些方法容易受到蛋白质、无机盐和寡糖等影响,并且不能较好区分结构相似的神经肽,使得神经肽检测结果并不理想。随着液质联用技术(LC-MS)和样品前处理技术的发展和应用,提高了神经肽检测的灵敏度和专属性,同时可以检测到未知神经肽,使得神经肽检测得到改善。

Neuropeptide,as a special hormone,is characterized by low concentration,high activity,wide and complex effects,and has regulatory effects on various physiological functions in the body.This review summarizes the physiological functions of neuropeptides by taking 10 neuropeptides such as orexin,motilin and cholecystokinin as examples,and also summarizes analytical methods of the neuropeptides.The results showed that currently RIA,ELISA,IHC and Northern blot are commonly used for known neuropeptide determination,but these methods are susceptible to proteins,inorganic salts and oligosaccharides,and cannot distinguish between structurally similar neuropeptides,making the determination unsatisfactory.With the development of liquid mass spectrometry(LC-MS)and sample pretreatment,the sensitivity and specificity of neuropeptide determination have been improved,and LC-MS can detect unknown neuropeptides,allowing the neuropeptide determination to be ameliorated.