液罐车流-固耦合分析及优化设计

Liquid-solid Coupling Analysis and Optimization Design of Tank Vehicle

在液罐车转向的过程中,罐体内液体的晃动会对液罐车产生侧向冲击力和侧倾力矩。以非满载液罐体为研究对象,采用流体体积法(Volume of fluid,VOF)对转向工况下的液体晃动进行数值分析,获得了侧向加速度和充液比对液晃的影响规律。建立液罐车侧向动力学模型,仿真结果表明,充液比为50%~70%时液罐车侧翻阈值较小。对罐体内部结构进行优化设计,设计一种倒V型防波板装置来降低液体对罐壁冲击。研究了9种倒V型防波板在不同充液比时的减晃效果,结果表明,安装三块夹角为150°的V型防波板防晃效果最好。搭建缩比液罐车侧倾台架,利用电动液压缸举升整个钢板平面和滑台以模拟罐车侧倾状态,同时滑台带动罐体向反方向平移,实现质心位置纠正,从而减小液体侧向晃动力与侧倾力矩,提高了液罐车的侧向稳定性。

During the steering process of the tank vehicle, the sloshing of the liquid in tank will produce a lateral impact force and roll moment. Taking the non-full-loaded liquid tank as the research object, the VOF model is used to numerically analyze the liquid sloshing under steering conditions, and the influence law of lateral acceleration and filling ratio on the liquid sloshing is obtained. The lateral dynamics model of the tank vehicle is established, and the simulation results show that the rollover threshold of the tanker is the smaller when the filling ratio is 50%-70%. The internal structure of the tank body is optimized, and an inverted V-shaped anti-wave plate is designed to reduce the impact of liquid on the tank wall. The sloshing reduction effect of nine inverted V-shaped anti-wave plates at different filling ratios is studied, and the results show that installing three V-shaped anti-wave plates with an included angle of 150° has the best anti-sway effect. In order to simulate the roll state of the tank vehicle, the electric hydraulic cylinder is used to lift the whole steel plate plane and the sliding table. At the same time, the sliding table drives the tank body to move in the opposite direction to correct the position of the center of mass, so as to reduce the liquid lateral shaking force and roll moment and improve the lateral stability of the tank vehicle.