支腿式着陆装置运载器缩比模型相似性分析

Similarity Analysis of Vertical-landing Carrier for Scaled-down Model

为节省整机实验成本,实现运用垂直降落运载器缩比模型试验反演原型的着陆过程,为垂直降落运载器着陆研究提供便利,运用相似性分析理论,建立垂直降落运载器着陆过程的缩比模型,定量反映其原型着陆过程的动力学行为。针对着陆过程中碰撞、缓冲两种典型动力学行为建立分析模型,碰撞过程分别以速度跳变及冲击力作为分析目标,建立离散型、连续型(包含弹性与弹塑性两种模型)碰撞模型,采用量纲分析法和方程分析法,分别导出原型-缩比模型间的相似准则及力学参量比例关系。开展垂直降落运载器原型、缩比模型着陆过程仿真,验证离散型碰撞与连续型弹性碰撞、缓冲过程及着陆过程的动力学、运动学相似性,仿真结果数据与相似性分析理论推导吻合程度较高,该成果可为垂直降落运载器缩比样机设计及等效试验提供理论依据。

For the purpose of saving the cost of complete-machine experiments, realizing the inversion to landing process of the prototype from the test of scaled-down model of vertical-landing carrier, and facilitating the research of vertical landing carrier, the scaled model of the landing process of vertical-landing carrier is established using similarity analysis theory, which can quantitatively reflect the dynamic behavior of the landing process of prototype carrier. The analytical models are established for two typical dynamical behaviors – collision stage and buffering stage. Taking speed jump and impact force as the analysis goal for the collision process, the discrete and continuous(elastic and elastoplastic models included) collision models are developed, and the dimensional analysis method together with the equation analysis method is applied to derive the similarity criterion and reveal the proportional relationship of mechanical quantities between prototype and scaled-down model. The simulations of the landing process of the prototype and the scaled-down model are carried out to verify the dynamics and kinematics similitude of the discrete and continuous elastic collision, the buffering process and the landing process. The simulation results are highly consistent with the theoretical derivations, which provides theoretical basis for the design of scaled-down model and equivalent experiment of the vertical-landing carrier.