证事与证史:中国石窟壁画音乐形象史料认识的方法论视角

Factual Evidence and Historical Evidence: Methodological Perspective in the Understanding of Historical Materials of Musical Images on Chinese Grottoes Frescos

石窟壁画中存在有大量的乐器图像内容,对中国古代音乐文化的研究具有极为重要的历史价值。对石窟壁画乐器图像的研究要以史挖图、以图叙史、以图明史、以图补史,积极搜寻古代音乐文化在石窟壁画中的历史遗留,并发挥图像即时直观历史印证的作用。如以例证,石窟壁画音乐史料中记载的龟兹鸡娄鼓与鼗鼓的兼奏、横笛等乐器,对中国石窟壁画音乐形象进行了历史还原,强调挖掘石窟壁画乐器图像存在的真正历史价值,重塑了石窟壁画乐器图像研究的新取向和新意义。

There are many instrumental images on grottoes frescos which are historically significant to the study of Chinese ancient musical culture. There are several points to follow in order to study the instrumental images on grottoes frescos: digging pictures from history, using pictures to write history, using pictures to clarify history, and using pictures to complement history. Thus, it is possible to look for historical remains of ancient musical culture in grottoes frescos so as to use image as instant direct historical evidence. Jianzou and horizontal flute, which were used in Jilou drum and Tao drum in Qiuci, were recorded in musical historical evidence in grottoes frescos. These help historical construction of musical images on Chinese grottoes frescos while new orientation and new meanings are reshaped in the study of instrumental images on grottoes frescos.