南宋事功学派艺术视野中的物用思想

The Thought of Material Use in the Artistic Perspective of the Practical School in the Southern Song Dynasty

事功学派兴起于南宋,其源头可追溯至王安石强调学术“为天下国家之用”的经世致用思想。事功学派因理学家“空谈义理”难以务实而提倡功利,主张学习百家思想来培养社会有用之才。故此,事功学派作为南宋儒学发展的重要派别,尤其是在思想上突破了将“道”奉为“形而上者”的理学束缚,主张“道原于一而成于两”,强调道器相依,并发展出“道器”认知中的艺术观、物用观及致用观。揭示南宋艺术中的功用与儒学伦理交互形成的艺术认识,可以明辨南宋事功学派艺术视野中物用思想的意义与价值。

The Practical School originated in the Southern Song Dynasty and its origin can be traced back to the practical thought of Wang Anshi who emphasized that academic “is useful for the country”. The Practical School proposed utility because Neo-Confucianist “talking about reasons” with no practice, arguing it is important to learn various thoughts to cultivate talents for the society. Therefore, the Practical School, as an important school of the Southern Song Confucianism, broken the restriction of reason, which regarded “Tao” as “metaphysical”. The Practical School proposed “Tao originates from one and developed from two”, emphasized the inter-dependence of Tao and object, developed the perspectives of art, use of material, and utility, in the understanding of “Tao object”. Revealing the artistic understanding in the interaction between utility and Confucian ethics is a way to clarify the meaning and value in the thought of material use in the artistic perspective of the Practical School in the Southern Song Dynasty.