从空间的对象到对象的空间——空间生产视域下非物质文化遗产的生产性保护

From the Subject of the Space to the Space of the Subject: The Productive Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Perspective of the Protection of Space

非物质文化遗产生产性保护实践中的诸多问题,根源于认知上人们将非物质文化遗产的生产局限于技艺的对象化生产和物化生产。作为社会历史实践的非物质文化遗产是一个由特质技艺、关系技艺和社会技艺构成的,包含复杂主体的社会空间。非物质文化遗产生产是各主体通过实践活动(空间实践)、构想活动(空间表象)和生活体验活动(表征性空间)而展开的空间生产,生产手段分别为生活生产、技术生产和艺术化生产,生产效果是实现文化增产、文化增殖和文化增益。非物质文化遗产的生产评价除经济指标外,还有科学指标、文化指标和艺术指标等。

Many problems in the practice of the productive protection of intangible cultural heritage can be attributed to people’s conception that the production of intangible cultural heritage is limited to the objectified and materialized production of techniques. Intangible cultural heritage, as a social historical practice, is a social space which is comprised of specific techniques, relational techniques, social techniques, and complex subjects. The production of intangible cultural heritage is a production of space, which is conveyed by multiple subjects in terms of practice activity(spatial practice), conceived activity(spatial imagery) and living experiential activity(representational space). The methods of production can be categorized as living production, technical production and artistic production, which results cultural consumption, cultural proliferation, and cultural increase production. The productive assessment of intangible cultural heritage concerns, in addition to economic indicator, scientific, cultural and artistic indicators.